all you can read finland

Other school news. So the popularity of books has grown in spite of the rise in electronic media. [281] The light music in Swedish-speaking areas has more influences from Sweden. In addition to the regular courts, there are a few special courts in certain branches of administration. )biomass and waste: 17.8% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Toni Wirtanen lataa tiskiin rajun nkemyksen: 'Pienen porukan varassa ollaan', "YleX:n 100 suurta suomalaista konemusiikkibiisi -listaus on nyt valmis kolmen krkeen Darude, Bomfunk MC's ja Slusnik Luna", "Eurovision 2006 Results: Voting & Points", "Eurovision 2023 Results: Voting & Points", "Eurovision Official Chart Record! Olkiluodon ydinvoimalan viimeinen testi maalissa maanantaista odotetaan suurta piv", "Electricity price statistics - Statistics Explained", "Journey deep into the Finnish caverns where nuclear waste will be buried for millennia", "Top Gear: Finland's Busiest Roads Revealed", "Tulihevonen saapui ensi kerran Hmeenlinnaan 150 vuotta sitten", "Maritime ports freight and passenger statistics", "Freedom of the Seas Fact Sheet Royal Caribbean Press Center", "Europe:: Finland The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "The Global Competitiveness Report 20072008", "Corruption Perceptions Index 2012 Results", "Ranking of economies Doing Business World Bank Group", Matkailutilinpito: Matkailun talous- ja tyllisyysvaikutukset 20162017, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment, "The Real Home of Santa Claus in Finland", "Santa Claus Reindeer rides & excursions in Rovaniemi Lapland Finland", "Discover the winter magic with Huskies and Reindeers", "Top 6 Theme Parks And Amusement Parks in Finland", "5 Finnish cities that deserve a tourist visit", "Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries", Kirkkonummen Sanomat: Nurmijrvi ilmi voimistui heinkuussa Kirkkonummella vkiluvun kasvu 1,2%, "Helsingin seudun vieraskielinen vest yli kaksinkertaistuu vuoteen 2035 menness", "Twice a minority: foreign immigration to Swedish-speaking communities in Finland", "Discovering Swedish-speaking municipalities: Kristinestad", "Discovering Swedish-speaking municipalities: Jakobstad", "Discovering Swedish-speaking municipalities: Nykarleby", "Swedish language courses for foreigners in land | Nordic cooperation", "Appendix table 2. Venus, the romantic ruler of love, cash, and beauty, begins its feared retrograde starting on Saturday, July 22, and lasting through Sunday, September 3 . Finlands inland waters occupy almost one-tenth of the countrys total area; there are 10 lakes of more than 100 square miles (250 square km) in area and tens of thousands of smaller ones. The fundamental administrative divisions of the country are the municipalities, which may also call themselves towns or cities. Mobile libraries account for just under ten percent of all loans. If we can generalize from U.S. research such children will have better health, nutrition . Not only is it a top-notch study abroad destination for anyone looking for a unique Nordic experience, it's also home to some of the best universities in Europe today and has once again been named the happiest country in the world in 2019! In the Generation 2023 exhibition at Helsinkis Amos Rex, 15-to-23-year-old artists display images of themselves and the world around us. We are crazy serious about the fact that Santa Claus lives in Finland, not at the North Pole. Photo: Olga Steckel / Shutterstock.com. Finland Travel Guide. The dialects from which the modern-day Finnish language was developed came into existence during the Iron Age. But women did not get the right to run for the New Zealand legislature, until 1919. Or, looking at it from another perspective, libraries contain just over seven books per Finn and each book is read an average of 2.5 times per year. The right-wing government, led by Prime Minister P. E. Svinhufvud, presented the Declaration of Independence on 4 December 1917, which was officially approved on 6 December, by the Finnish Parliament. I am constantly trying to bring new, unique things from Finland. We check out the show. Valmet (originally a shipyard, then several metal workshops) was founded to create materials for war reparations. )1.02% (2019 est.). ), total subscriptions: 207,000 (2021 est. [294] Some Finnish drama series are internationally known, such as Bordertown. [23] The earliest people were hunter-gatherers, using stone tools.[24]. Center Party 11.5%, Vihr 6.5%, Vas 5.5%, SFP 4.5%, KD 2.5%, Aland 0.5%; Movement Now 0.5%; seats by party/coalition - Kok 48, PS 46, SDP 43, Center Party 23, Vihr 13, Vas 11, SFP 9, KD 5; Aland 1; Movement Now 1; composition men 108, women 92, percent of women 46%, highest court(s): Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus (consists of the court president and 18 judges); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 21 judges, including the court president and organized into 3 chambers); note - Finland has a dual judicial system - courts with civil and criminal jurisdiction and administrative courts with jurisdiction for litigation between individuals and administrative organs of the state and communitiesjudge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court judges appointed by the president of the republic; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 68subordinate courts: 6 Courts of Appeal; 8 regional administrative courts; 27 district courts; special courts for issues relating to markets, labor, insurance, impeachment, land, tenancy, and water rights, Aland Coalition (a coalition of several political parties on the Aland Islands)Center Party or Kesk [Annika SAARIKKO]Christian Democrats or KD [Sari ESSAYAH]Finns Party or PS [Riikka PURRA]Green League or Vihr [Sofia VIRTA]Left Alliance or Vas [Li ANDERSSON]Movement Now or Liike Nyt [Harry HARKINO]National Coalition Party or Kok [Petteri ORPO]Social Democratic Party or SDP [Sanna MARIN]Swedish People's Party or RKP or SFP [Anna-Maja HENRIKSSON], ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMOGIP, UNRWA, UNSOM, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC, chief of mission: Ambassador Mikko Tapani HAUTALA (since 17 September 2020)chancery: 3301 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 298-5800FAX: [1] (202) 298-6030email address and website: sanomat.WAS@gov.fihttps://finlandabroad.fi/web/usa/missionconsulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York, chief of mission: Ambassador Douglas HICKEY (since 11 May 2022)embassy: Itainen Puistotie 14 B, 00140 Helsinkimailing address: 5310 Helsinki Place, Washington DC 20521-5310telephone: [358] (9) 616-250FAX: [358] (9) 174-681email address and website: HelsinkiACS@state.govhttps://fi.usembassy.gov/, white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the blue represents the thousands of lakes scattered across the country, while the white is for the snow that covers the land in winter, name: "Maamme" (Our Land)lyrics/music: Johan Ludvig RUNEBERG/Fredrik PACIUSnote: in use since 1848; although never officially adopted by law, the anthem has been popular since it was first sung by a student group in 1848; Estonia's anthem uses the same melody as that of Finland, total World Heritage Sites: 7 (6 cultural, 1 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Fortress of Suomenlinna (c); Old Rauma (c); Petjvesi Old Church (c); Verla Groundwood and Board Mill (c); Bronze Age Burial Site of Sammallahdenmki (c); High Coast / Kvarken Archipelago (n); Struve Geodetic Arc (c), highly industrialized, export-based EU economy and euro user; high per capita GDP; major timber, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries; manageable public debts; rigid labor laws impose higher regulatory burdens, $270.143 billion (2021 est. Finland is heavily forested and contains some 56,000 lakes, numerous rivers, and extensive areas of marshland; viewed from the air, Finland looks like an intricate blue and green jigsaw puzzle. )investment in fixed capital: 22.1% (2017 est. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the (male 575,259/female 729,895), total dependency ratio: 62.1youth dependency ratio: 25elderly dependency ratio: 37.1potential support ratio: 2.7 (2021 est. In addition to the fact that Finland is one of the richest countries in the world, it is known for its well-developed welfare system, such as free education, and advanced health care system. Thats an average of four books per person, including children. [111], The main factor influencing Finland's climate is the country's geographical position between the 60th and 70th northern parallels in the Eurasian continent's coastal zone. This was extensively exploited by president Urho Kekkonen against his opponents. 10 new unique places to stay in Finland We've curated a list of the coolest and most recently opened ones where you can immerse yourself in Finnish nature and find your inner happiness. Famous war heroes of the aforementioned wars include Simo Hyh,[77][78] Aarne Juutilainen,[79] and Lauri Trni.[80]. In Finland as elsewhere, readers are clearly divided into major consumers and others. A Finnish Offer You Can't Refuse! [14] From the late 13th century, Finland became a part of Sweden as a consequence of the Northern Crusades. [82] Finland took part in trade liberalization in the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. After the prime minister, the most powerful minister is often the minister of finance. Almost the whole Finnish population, some 400,000 people, fled these areas. The administrative branch of justice consists of administrative courts and the Supreme Administrative Court. Why? In 1950, 46% of Finnish workers worked in agriculture and a third lived in urban areas. The tree of my youth stands rejoicing around me: O human! The annual state operated road network expenditure of around 1 billion is paid for with vehicle and fuel taxes which amount to around 1.5 billion and 1 billion, respectively. The Finns reaped a reputation in the Thirty Years' War (16181648) as a well-trained cavalrymen called "Hakkapeliitta". ", "Pespallo otti sata vuotta sitten syntyaskelia", "Leijonien MM-finaalista historian katsotuin jkiekko-ottelu Suomessa! [183], The legal system is clear and business bureaucracy less than most countries. I want you to know that I am committed to equity and to supporting . Initially, most of the economic development was based on two broad groups of export-led industries, the "metal industry" (metalliteollisuus) and "forest industry" (metsteollisuus). Farther south the temperature extremes are slightly less marked, as the Baltic Sea- and Gulf Stream-warmed airflow from the Atlantic keeps temperatures as much as 10 degrees higher than at similar latitudes in Siberia and Greenland. The effect is strongest around the Gulf of Bothnia, where land steadily rises about 1cm (0.4in) a year. Finnish folk music has undergone a roots revival and has become a part of popular music. However, because the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Drift Current moderate the climate, Finland contains half of the world's arable land north of 60 north latitude. ), household consumption: 54.4% (2017 est. note: data are in current year dollars$97.037 billion (2020 est.) According to the 2012 constitution, the president (currently Sauli Niinist) leads foreign policy in cooperation with the government, except that the president has no role in EU affairs. Retrieved 24 June 2008. Brutal murders arent what Finland is famous for, except in crime novels. If you are camping outside, it's good to have layers available just in case. Around 3 percent of students are enrolled in private schools (mostly specialist language and international schools). Finlands area decreased by about one-tenth during the 1940s, when it ceded the Petsamo (Pechenga) area, which had been a corridor to the ice-free Arctic coast, and a large part of southeastern Karelia to the Soviet Union (ceded portions now in Russia). )exports: 181.143 million cubic meters (2020 est. [158] In 2017, Finland's GDP reached 224 billion.[159]. You can also save on popular products while supporting small businesses with access to early deals from brands like Madison Reed, Balanced Tiger, AllKem Beauty, and many . There are two sign languages: Finnish Sign Language, spoken natively by 4,0005,000 people,[222] and Finland-Swedish Sign Language, spoken natively by about 150 people. ), total: 19 yearsmale: 18 yearsfemale: 20 years (2020), total: 18.1%male: 19%female: 17.1% (2021 est. [308] Steam baths have been part of European tradition elsewhere as well, but the sauna has survived best in Finland, in addition to Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, Russia, Norway, and parts of the United States and Canada. In 2022, 1211 women entered voluntary military service. )from consumed natural gas: 4.882 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Pajtim Statovci shares his love of Finnish literature and the books that helped him, a child of immigrants, to find his voice and grow from reader to award-winning . As of 2015[update], the country's economy is at the 2006 level. The 1952 Summer Olympics were held in Helsinki. The Prime Minister is the country's most powerful person. Finnish (official) 86.5%, Swedish (official) 5.2%, Russian 1.6%, other 6.7% (2021 est. In Finland as elsewhere, readers are clearly divided into major consumers and others. In the southwest the Kokemen, one of Finlands largest rivers, flows out past the city of Pori (Bjrneborg). )exports: 6.666 billion kWh (2020 est. With a high capability of military personnel,[131] arsenal[132] and homeland defence willingness, Finland is one of Europe's militarily strongest countries.[133]. Your link to world magazines and more. The retreating glaciers have left the land with morainic deposits in formations of eskers. [180] Nordics have been free-trading for over a century. Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia, total: 338,145 sq kmland: 303,815 sq kmwater: 34,330 sq km, slightly more than two times the size of Georgia; slightly smaller than Montana, total: 2,563 kmborder countries (3): Norway 709 km; Sweden 545 km; Russia 1,309 km, territorial sea: 12 nm (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 nm)contiguous zone: 24 nmcontinental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitationexclusive fishing zone: 12 nm; extends to continental shelf boundary with Sweden, Estonia, and Russia, cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes, mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills, highest point: Halti (alternatively Haltia, Haltitunturi, Haltiatunturi) 1,328 mlowest point: Baltic Sea 0 mmean elevation: 164 m, timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone, agricultural land: 7.5% (2018 est. [128] In 2008, president Martti Ahtisaari was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. [291] The Finnish pop artist Krij also got second place in the contest in 2023 with his worldwide hit song ''Cha Cha Cha''. )$268.259 billion (2019 est. [262][263] The University of Helsinki is ranked 75th in the Top University Ranking of 2010. ), $631.549 billion (2019 est. Finnish and Swedish are the official languages of Finland. Orton-Gillingham based Multisensory reading tutor. Harlequin Crest (Helmet) - Gain 10-20% damage reduction, gain +4 ranks to all skills. )$48,600 (2019 est. [104] Taiga covers most of Finland from northern regions of southern provinces to the north of Lapland. As in agriculture, the government has long played a leading role in forestry, regulating tree cutting, sponsoring technical improvements, and establishing long-term plans to ensure that the country's forests continue to supply the wood-processing industries. )imports: 21.615 billion kWh (2020 est. [215] The native language of 87.3% of the population is Finnish,[216][217] which is part of the Finnic subgroup of the Uralic language. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). It is IMO very good design and there is pretty much stuff. The border guard is under the Ministry of the Interior but can be incorporated into the Defence Forces when required for defence readiness. [265], The World Economic Forum ranks Finland's tertiary education No. ), 85.5% (2015)note: percent of women aged 18-49, improved: urban: 100% of populationrural: 100% of populationtotal: 100% of populationunimproved: urban: 0% of populationrural: 0% of populationtotal: 0% of population (2020 est. )6.69% (2019 est. Based on a well-established body of research, we know that an organizational commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion can improve critical thought, problem-solving and classroom engagement, reduce bias and promote professional development, civic engagement and leadership. Sailor's stew is easy to make, you simply cook beef, potatoes, and onions in beer (often in the oven), and serve it with lingonberry jam and bread. The largest newspaper is Helsingin Sanomat, its circulation being 339,437 as of 2019[update]. [196] Commercial cruises between major coastal and port cities in the Baltic region play a significant role in the local tourism industry. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 2.19% (2021 est. A universal male conscription is in place, under which all male Finnish nationals above 18 years of age serve for 6 to 12 months of armed service or 12 months of civilian (non-armed) service. Policing corruption, International Perspectives. They are increasingly reading foreign fiction in languages other than Finnish. The key for preparing for hiking in Finland is to dress according to the season and check the weather forecast. Reading a Lunch Menu. Gleysols and peat bogs occupy poorly drained areas. Layers also form the basis of dressing up for hikes in winter. The modern mobile library carries a selection of over 4,000 titles, including not only books but also a range of magazines, newspapers and audiovisual materials. Keltainen Porssi Kiinteistot ja tontit. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [160] The largest retailer, which is also the largest private employer, S-Group, and the largest bank, OP-Group, in the country are both cooperatives. in Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council. What are they trying to tell the viewers? After the 1917 February Revolution, the position of Finland as part of the Russian Empire was questioned, mainly by Social Democrats. [254] Since 2012, Finland has every time ranked at least in the top 5 of world's happiest countries in the annual World Happiness Report by the United Nations,[255][256][257] as well as ranking as the happiest country in 2018.[258]. )investment in inventories: 0.4% (2017 est. ), $116.905 billion (2021 est.) Today we discuss Kid's TV, predominantly from the 90s. Architect Alvar Aalto is regarded as among the most important 20th-century designers in the world;[277] he helped bring functionalist architecture to Finland, but soon was a pioneer in its development towards an organic style. 16. The majority of international cargo shipments are handled at ports. In the World Rally Championship, Finland has produced eight world champions, more than any other country. Nearly two-thirds of Finland is blanketed by thick woodlands, making it the most densely forested country in Europe. [74] The Red Army was defeated in numerous battles, notably at the Battle of Suomussalmi. The best known Finnish painters, Akseli Gallen-Kallela, started painting in a naturalist style but moved to national romanticism. Two of the three largest cities in Finland are situated in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan areaHelsinki and Espoo. About one-third of the territory of Finlandmost of the maakunta (region) of Lappilies north of the Arctic Circle. Finland's climate and soils make growing crops a particular challenge. At the 1912 Summer Olympics, three gold medals were won by the original "Flying Finn" Hannes Kolehmainen. )0.847 (2018 est. [250] The suicide rates were 13 per 100 000 in 2017, close to the North European average. [172] Finland's first railway was opened in 1862,[173][174] and today it forms part of the Finnish Main Line, which is more than 800 kilometers long. These are governed by the member municipalities and have only limited powers. [200][82][201][202] Finland has an average population density of 18 inhabitants per square kilometre. [129], The Finnish Defence Forces consist of a cadre of professional soldiers (mainly officers and technical personnel), currently serving conscripts, and a large reserve. Three of the more striking birds are the whooper swan, a large European swan and the national bird of Finland; the Western capercaillie, a large, black-plumaged member of the grouse family; and the Eurasian eagle-owl. The depression bottomed out in 1993, and Finland saw steady economic growth for more than ten years. The military YYA Treaty (Finno-Soviet Pact of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance) gave the Soviet Union some leverage in Finnish domestic politics. )1.22% (2019 est. ", Valta vaihtui urheilussa: Suomalaiset arvostavat nyt enemmn futista kuin jkiekkoa |Jalkapallo |HS, Jalkapallo nousi arvostetuimmaksi urheilulajiksi |Yle Urheilu, Jalkapallolla eniten harrastajia se ly ltkn, hiihto on alamess, "Fan power! Pacius also wrote the music to the poem Maamme/Vrt land (Our Country), Finland's national anthem. Temperatures can fall as low as 22 F (30 C). [154] The female employment rate is high. Having risen to the challenge of successfully staging a landmark event during a pandemic, the city of Lahti is focused on making a lasting environmental contribution. [239], In 2016, 69.3% of Finnish children were baptized[240] and 82.3% were confirmed in 2012 at the age of 15,[241] and over 90% of the funerals are Christian. The Soviet Union persuaded Finland to reject Marshall Plan aid. In tertiary education, two mostly separate and non-interoperating sectors are found: the profession-oriented polytechnics and the research-oriented universities. [76] Finnish forces occupied East Karelia from 1941 to 1944. On the origins of Suomi, Hme, Spmi", "Archives of the Royal Academy of Turku and the Imperial Alexander University", "Pankinjohtaja Sinikka Salon puhe Snellman ja Suomen markka -nyttelyn avajaisissa Suomen Pankin rahamuseossa", The Finnish Civil War, Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress, "Uudenvuodenaatto Pietarin Smolnassa Itsenisyyden tunnustus 31.12.1917", "Reds vs. Whites: The Finnish Civil War (January- May 1918)", "A Country Study: FinlandThe Finnish Civil War", "SDP:n puheenjohtaja halusi punadiktaattoriksi, mutta kuoli Stalinin vankileirill", "Pkirjoitus: Kansalaissota on arka muistettava", "Punaisten ja valkoisten perint vaalitaan yh Suomalaiset lhettivt yli 400 muistoa vuoden 1918 sisllissodasta", "War or Peace for Finland? conventional long form: Republic of Finlandconventional short form: Finlandlocal long form: Suomen tasavalta (Finnish)/ Republiken Finland (Swedish)local short form: Suomi (Finnish)/ Finland (Swedish)etymology: name may derive from the ancient Fenni peoples who are first described as living in northeastern Europe in the first centuries A.D. name: Helsinkigeographic coordinates: 60 10 N, 24 56 Etime difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in Octoberetymology: the name may derive from the Swedish helsing, an archaic name for "neck" (hals), and which may refer to a narrowing of the Vantaa River that flows into the Gulf of Finland at Helsinki; fors refers to "rapids," so helsing fors meaning becomes "the narrows' rapids", 19 regions (maakunnat, singular - maakunta (Finnish); landskapen, singular - landskapet (Swedish)); Aland (Swedish), Ahvenanmaa (Finnish); Etela-Karjala (Finnish), Sodra Karelen (Swedish) [South Karelia]; Etela-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Sodra Osterbotten (Swedish) [South Ostrobothnia]; Etela-Savo (Finnish), Sodra Savolax (Swedish) [South Savo]; Kanta-Hame (Finnish), Egentliga Tavastland (Swedish); Kainuu (Finnish), Kajanaland (Swedish); Keski-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Mellersta Osterbotten (Swedish) [Central Ostrobothnia]; Keski-Suomi (Finnish), Mellersta Finland (Swedish) [Central Finland]; Kymenlaakso (Finnish), Kymmenedalen (Swedish); Lappi (Finnish), Lappland (Swedish); Paijat-Hame (Finnish), Paijanne-Tavastland (Swedish); Pirkanmaa (Finnish), Birkaland (Swedish) [Tampere]; Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Osterbotten (Swedish) [Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Karjala (Finnish), Norra Karelen (Swedish) [North Karelia]; Pohjois-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Norra Osterbotten (Swedish) [North Ostrobothnia]; Pohjois-Savo (Finnish), Norra Savolax (Swedish) [North Savo]; Satakunta (Finnish and Swedish); Uusimaa (Finnish), Nyland (Swedish) [Newland]; Varsinais-Suomi (Finnish), Egentliga Finland (Swedish) [Southwest Finland], history: previous 1906, 1919; latest drafted 17 June 1997, approved by Parliament 11 June 1999, entered into force 1 March 2000amendments: proposed by Parliament; passage normally requires simple majority vote in two readings in the first parliamentary session and at least two-thirds majority vote in a single reading by the newly elected Parliament; proposals declared "urgent" by five-sixths of Parliament members can be passed by at least two-thirds majority vote in the first parliamentary session only; amended several times, last in 2018, civil law system based on the Swedish model, accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Finlanddual citizenship recognized: yesresidency requirement for naturalization: 6 years, chief of state: President Sauli NIINISTO (since 1 March 2012)head of government: Prime Minister Petteri ORPO (since 20 June 2023)cabinet: Council of State or Valtioneuvosto appointed by the president, responsible to Parliamentelections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 28 January 2018 (next to be held in January 2024); prime minister appointed by Parliamentelection results: 2018: Sauli NIINISTO reelected president; percent of vote - Sauli NIINISTO (independent) 62.7%, Pekka HAAVISTO (Vihr) 12.4%, Laura HUHTASAARI (PS) 6.9%, Paavo VAYRYNEN (independent) 6.2%, Matti VANHANEN (Kesk) 4.1%, other 7.7%2012: Sauli NIINISTO elected president; percent of vote - Sauli NIINISTO (National Coalition Party) 62.6%, Pekka HAAVISTO (Vihr) 37.4%, description: unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; 199 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 1 member in the province of Aland directly elected by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms)elections: last held on 2 April 2023 (next to be held on 30 April 2027)election results: percent of vote by party/coalition - Kok 24%, PS 23%, SDP 21.5%.

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