how does sleep affect work performance

American time use survey: sleep time and its relationship to waking activities. 11, 429438. 53, 103108. Sleep deprivation compromises our judgment and our ability to make sound decisions. As noted earlier, sleep deprivation negatively impacts motivation to perform well when working. doi: 10.1002/job.1992, Barnes, C. M., and Drake, C. L. (2015). A. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2013.01.004, Urtasun, A., and Nuez, I. Med. Both total and partial sleep deprivation have negative effects on many health-related physiological indices suggesting that helping workers prioritize good sleep habits is essential for good health in the workers and long-term organizational success. (2007). 10, 17351748. Pilcher, J. J., Lambert, B. J., and Huffcutt, A. I. Morning and evening types: stress-related personality aspects. Sleep 33, 335342. Sleep isnt just idle time. People between the ages of 18 and 64 need more than seven hours of sleep per night to function at their optimal level, but more than one third of these adults sleep less than seven hours per night based on a study by the Sleep Foundation. doi: 10.1177/0145721709333857, Chen, Y., and Li, S. (2019). J. Womens Health 18, 965977. 18, 6173. If you sleep poorly, chances are youre going to have an attitude before you even step foot in the office, and will be counting down the minutes until your shift ends from the minute you get in your car. Rosenthal, N. E., Sack, D. A., Gillin, J. C., Lewy, A. J., Goodwin, F. K., Davenport, Y., et al. People with an anxiety or depressive disorder and short sleep duration were 2.54 times more likely to have impaired work performance and 85% more likely to miss work long-term. Naps combined with caffeine were found to be most effective at improving alertness and performance for night shift workers. doi: 10.1177/1745691615598509, Barnes, C. M., Schaubroeck, J., Huth, M., and Ghumman, S. (2011). Arch. Rongen, A., Robroek, S. J., van Lenthe, F. J., and Burdorf, A. Students who have trouble sleeping or sleep less than what they really need do not perform as well as students without sleep problems. A variety of factors in and out of the workplace can contribute to sleep loss and sleepiness, including many psychosocial work factors. doi: 10.1007/s11065-010-9154-6, Czeisler, C. A., Duffy, J. F., Shanahan, T. L., Brown, E. N., Mitchell, J. F., Rimmer, D. W., et al. Furthermore, changes in exposure to sunlight due to where a person lives within a given time zone can affect the circadian clock. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics indicate that 29.9% of working adults average less than 6 h of sleep a night (Luckhaupt et al., 2010). Additionally, chronic sleep deprivation has been linked to many leading health issues, such as heart disease, obesity, dementia, diabetes, and cancer. Both authors contributed in the conceptual development of the manuscript and writing the manuscript. It's bad enough to toss and turn in bed at night when you can't fall asleep. Insufficient sleep has been linked to an imbalanced increase in energy intake over expenditure, which leads to a positive energy balance and weight gain. Prog. Sleep is often described by two main components, sleep quantity and sleep quality. Altered sleep/wake patterns and mental performance. We are committed to helping you achieve the sleep you need for a healthier life. (2009). So why isnt your brain cooperating? 25, 537542. 28, 578587. Sleep problems: an emerging global epidemic? doi: 10.1007/s12529-010-9117-6, Mecacci, L., and Rocchetti, G. (1998). Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. While you sleep, your body is hard at work repairing itself by releasing proteins and hormones that help restore damaged tissues, including muscles. 10, 11431148. Gen. Psychiatry 41, 7280. How your sleep (or lack of it) can affect exercise and what you should do to maximize both. Human resources could be part of that social support system. doi: 10.1080/07420520601083391, Kato, M., Phillips, B. G., Sigurdsson, G., Narkiewicz, K., Pesek, C. A., and Somers, V. K. (2000). . doi: 10.1017/S1041610211000664, Driesen, K., Jansen, N. W., Kant, I., Mohren, D. C., and van Amelsvoort, L. G. (2010). 8, 297304. Organizations can also provide adaptation time for workers to adapt to new time zones when traveling. Brain Res. Findings from the INDEPTH WHO-SAGE study among more than 40,000 older adults from 8 countries across Africa and Asia. It is important to note that both decreased sleep quantity and poor sleep quality will increase sleepiness during work hours and can negatively impact the workers performance and health. Irregular work hours, such as those seen in shift work schedules, have a negative impact on work performance and can continue over days off (kerstedt, 2003). They also might misbehave, and their school performance can suffer. Res. Sleep deprivation negatively impacts a wide range of employee performance, health, and well-being issues including immune defense reaction (Majde and Krueger, 2005), cardiovascular functioning (Walker et al., 2009), metabolic disorders (Kecklund and Axelsson, 2016), mood disorders (Touitou et al., 2017); affective reactivity (Pilcher et al., 2015a), motivation (Odle-Dusseau et al., 2010), subjective effort (Engle-Friedman and Riela, 2004), accidents in the workplace (Uehli et al., 2014), and performance on many types of vigilance and more complex cognitive tasks (Pilcher et al., 2007; Pilcher et al., 2016). Excessive daytime sleepiness is an independent risk indicator for cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling elderly: the three city study. doi: 10.1097/00006842-200203000-00018, Morris, D. M., Pilcher, J. J., Mulvihill, J. Such sources would include peer-reviewed medical and academic journals, medical and academic associations in good standing, and interviews with or blog posts from certified medical professionals. Diff. doi: 10.1002/j.2048-7940.2010.tb00047.x, Chasens, E. R., Sereika, S. M., and Burke, L. E. (2009). If performance is already being tracked as part of normal job function or can be added as an additional simple task, using a performance metric offers an opportunity to assess the potential detrimental effects of sleepiness with little interruption to the workplace. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.07.010, Pereira, D., Meier, L. L., and Elfering, A. Give us a call today at 408-490-0182 to schedule an appointment at one of our six locations in the Bay Area. Increased energy Good sleep helps to increase energy levels and promote alertness, both of which are essential for maintaining productivity. 66, 143172. 52, 9198. Pizza Huts corporate offices allow napping. An article from the Harvard Business Review interviewed renowned sleep researcher and Harvard professor Dr. Charles A. Czeisler on the subject of sleep deficit. In reality, prioritizing and protecting our sleep is one of the most valuable gifts we can give ourselves; in doing so, we gain access to a vault of benefits. The current summary relating sleep habits and sleep deprivation with organizational behavior (see Table 1 for a summary of the cited literature in this review), will help provide background for new research. (2001). J. Behav. Sleep Res. J. Appl. People with an anxiety or depressive disorder were 2.2 times more likely to have impaired work performance. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1010666108, Duffy, J. F., Rimmer, D. W., and Czeisler, C. A. Daytime sleepiness and functional outcomes in older adults with diabetes. Spiegel, K., Sheridan, J. F., and Van Cauter, E. (2002). Barnes et al. Health consequences of shift work and insufficient sleep. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Bus. Childrens sleep: an interplay between culture and biology. The interaction between EEG and transient muscle activity during sleep in humans. U.S.A. 108, 1560215608. doi: 10.1016/s1087-0792(98)90004-1, kerstedt, T. (2003). For example, blood pressure is increased in persons reporting 3.6 h of sleep at night (Tochikubo et al., 1996). Devices 13, 497506. doi: 10.1080/22423982.2017.1379306, Morris, D. M., Pilcher, J. J., and Switzer, F. S. I. I. I. Socioeconomic status, occupational characteristics, and sleep duration in african/caribbean immigrants and US white health care workers. These differences in sleep patterns between females and males can contribute to different responses from females when meeting work demands that challenge the circadian rhythm. Memory consolidation happens during sleep, so sleep shortage may lead to gaps and blind spots in memories. Hum. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. J. Athletic Performance Sleep is a key element of athletic recovery Trusted Source UpToDate More than 2 million healthcare providers around the world choose UpToDate to help make appropriate care decisions and drive better health outcomes. Lancet 354, 14351439. Although organizations cannot control each employees sleep times, human resource management can investigate more thorough education programs as well as potential actions in the workplace that would help workers maintain better sleep habits and alertness when on-the-job. One method is by promoting workplace practices that could curtail on-the-job sleepiness. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2008.505, Costa, G. (1996). More specifically, risk of occupational injury due to sleepiness is particularly high in the transportation industry. Med. Med. Rev. Health effects of shift work and extended hours of work. Social and family obligations may partially account for the observed gender difference in that women often are responsible for more of the family and home duties than males; however, gender differences in the circadian rhythm may also contribute to the difference seen between females and males (Paschos and FitzGerald, 2017). Corporate social responsibility and organizational psychology: an integrative review. Those with a disposition toward morningness are found to be more productive during the earlier hours of the day, while those who identify as evening types tend to be more productive during the later portion of the day (Preckel et al., 2011). Depressed mood in the working population: associations with work schedules and working hours. Current research supports introducing workplace programs to support healthy sleep habits. doi: 10.1093/sleep/19.4.318, Pilcher, J. J., Jennings, K. S., Phillips, G. E., and McCubbin, J. Sleep Med. Ben & Jerrys has quiet rooms and encourages employee naps. 115, 7583. As science learns more about sleep and how our brains work, it is becoming clear that well-rested people perform better. Front. 17, 314320. Poor or inadequate sleep also has a negative impact on many longer-term factors relevant to organizational behavior and personal health including self-control and decision making (Hagger, 2014; Pilcher et al., 2015b), subjective effort (Engle-Friedman and Riela, 2004), immunosuppression (Irwin, 2015), and a variety of performance measures (Lim and Dinges, 2010). Too many of us genuinely do believe that is necessary, though. Engle-Friedman, M., and Riela, S. (2004). It is estimated that 80,000 drivers fall asleep at the wheel every day, 10% of them run off the road, and every two minutes, one of them crashes. Ertel, K. A., Berkman, L. F., and Buxton, O. M. (2011). Sleep 33, 149159. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwp023, Kucharczyk, E. R., Morgan, K., and Hall, A. P. (2012). So, you can't undermine sleep. Or persons with sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea, may have a schedule that allows them to sleep for 78 h, but their condition causes them to wake up regularly throughout the night, leading to decreased sleep quantity and poor sleep quality (Lopez et al., 2013). We cannot stress enough the importance of keeping healthy habits and choosing the right mattress and pillow. Cohen and colleagues also found that people with low sleep efficiency were five times more likely to show cold symptoms when exposed to the rhinovirus. Researchers have also found that sleep deprivation increases your bodys production of white blood cells, the same response the body shows when exposed to significant stress. Psychol. doi: 10.1016/s0166-4328(00)00236-9, Caldwell, J. Alcohol. Neurosci. Psychogeriatr. 44, 406415. The body and brain recuperate quite well from one or two sleepless nights, says Dr. Gurevich. As such, it is important to consider how human resources can promote healthier work environments. Lack of sleep and unethical conduct. (1976). There is also increasing evidence that sleep is specifically involved in the functioning of the immune system (Bryant et al., 2004). doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.03.009, Morris, D. M., Pilcher, J. J., and Powell, R. B. The majority of research about sleep deprivation has been conducted in adults, but many of the same effects are believed to occur in younger people. For example, sleep apnea can increase the risk for serious conditions like heart disease and diabetes. That triggers your resting heart rate and blood pressure to increase., Those changes arent usually worrisome if they happen occasionally. . . Although we do not yet fully understand these age-related changes in sleep, one contributing factor is an age-related decline in the endogenous circadian rhythm output which may help destabilize the sleep-wake cycle (Nakamura et al., 2011). Better integrating the concept of corporate social responsibility with well-being of employees could also have positive effects on the organization (Glavas, 2016). J. Psychosom. Perspect. Psychophysiology 10, 431436. Excessive daytime sleepiness has been found to predict drug administration errors and incorrect operation of medical equipment (Suzuki et al., 2005). What is Sleep Deprivation? Are you a cheese lover? Association of intrinsic circadian period with morningness-eveningness, usual wake time, and circadian phase. Welcome to Sleep Junkie! Family and cultural influences on sleep development. The relationships of age with job attitudes: a meta-analysis. Night shift work at specific age ranges and chronic disease risk factors. doi: 10.1111/peps.12002, Basner, M., Fomberstein, K. M., Razavi, F. M., Banks, S., William, J. H., Rosa, R. R., et al. (2010) showed that sleep deprivation impairs the ability to judge human facial emotion which could disrupt affective social cues valuable to interpersonal communication. , your personal and professional success is our purpose. Environ. Here are some reasons why. Coll. 36, 360381. 16, 547559. 1. 169, 10521063. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0451-11.2011, Nakata, A., Haratani, T., Takahashi, M., Kawakami, N., Heihachiro, A., Kobayashi, F., et al. (2017b). MetroNaps, makers of the Energy Pods, also encourage employee naps at their office. Although daytime rests have long been looked down upon in American culture, several others have historically embraced the nap. 80, 2959. This is not the first study to look at sleep and work performance, either. Caruso and Hitchcock (2010) have suggested that traditional tactics for better managing sleepiness related to shift work, such as providing for nap breaks, are promising countermeasures. N. Am. Approximately 4 h of sleep at night is also related to impaired glucose reactivity, increased sympathetic response, higher cortisol levels, and reduced leptin levels (Spiegel et al., 1999) as well as increased levels of C-reactive protein, an indicator of inflammation related to heart disease (Meier-Ewert et al., 2004). Predicting sleep quality from stress and prior sleepa study of day-to-day covariation across six weeks. By offering a quiet space, people can take a quick power nap on a break or after lunch to get refreshed or catch up on sleep without having to leave the office or hide under their desks. Krueger, P. M., and Friedman, E. M. (2009). doi: 10.1136/oem.58.1.68, Hirsch, A. J., Park, J. E., Daniele, P. R., Fleetham, J., Ryan, C. F., and Ayas, N. T. (2016). Caruso, C. C., and Hitchcock, E. M. (2010). Here are the medical and factual guidelines that a Sleep Junkie article must adhere to: The Spencer Institute has certified our writers as sleep coaches after rigorous training on different areas of sleep study. Morningness-eveningness comparison in adolescents from different countries around the world. 23, 14131420. 63, 6065. A risk perspective on human resource management: a review and directions for future research. Sleep is one of the most abused, taken-for-granted, and yet, highly influential and essential areas of our lives. To put it in concrete terms, the Better Sleep Council estimates that sleep deprivation costs US businesses over $150 billion per year. Begin to prepare to relax your body and mind an hour before bedtime. Stress Health 30, 425430. Although the time spent in bed remains relatively stable throughout the working adult years, there are several factors that contribute to poorer sleep in later adulthood. Sleep and sleep disorders in older adults. Performance in the workplace can also be moderated by the endogenous circadian rhythm.

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