other countries religious factors

Two countries in the Americas Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic and one in the Asia-Pacific region Tuvalu have Christianity as their official state religion. This stems in part from the banning of face coverings in public places, as well as incidents of government harassment of religious groups, including a case where a mayor announced a personally compiled list ofMuslim-sounding names of schoolchildren in his town.8(For more details on the correlation between state religions and government restrictions on religion, see below.). Lithuania and Serbia have multiple preferred faiths, however, the dominant faiths in these countries are Catholicism and Orthodoxy, respectively. Not only are they more likely to provide financial or legal benefits to a single religion, but they also are more likely to place a high level of government restrictions on other religious groups. 2015. See Grim, Brian J., Vegard Skirbekk, and Jesus Crespo Cuaresma. Among the 43 countries with an official religion, 98% provide funding or resources for educational programs, property or other religious activities. Non-recognized religious groups, like Bahai, are not free to practice their religion, and even the recognized groups activities are closely monitored.22. By David Masci Throughout history, many kingdoms and nations have closely aligned themselves with religion by establishing official, government-endorsed faiths. Global Religious Diversity Half of the Most Religiously Diverse Countries are in Asia-Pacific Region Several years ago, the Pew Research Center produced estimates of the religious makeup of more than 200 countries and territories, which it published in the 2012 report " The Global Religious Landscape ." Nine countries in Europe (20%) have an official state religion as of 2015. Who were some of the key figures of the Reformation? (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main Eight countries in the Americas (23%) have a favored religion, while two Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic have Catholicism as the official state religion. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. In a few cases, a countrys official religion is primarily a legacy of its history and now involves few, if any, privileges conferred by the state. But it is not necessarily the case that these countries avoid any promotion or restriction of religious practice. These activities include but are not necessarily limited to providing media services, supporting worship or religious practices, or paying religious leaders wages. In Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, Russia and France, there were at least 250,000 more Muslim births than deaths in each country over that period. 3 Sunway Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia Many psychological researchers have proven the deteriorating effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic on public mental health. . As noted in the text, the figures in this report are for 2010. Broadly, the countries in this category can be said to maintain a clear separation of church and state. The median ages of Muslims (24 years) and Hindus (27) are younger than the median age of the worlds overall population (30), while the median age of Christians (30) matches the global median. See Johnson, Todd M. and Brian J. Across the surveyed countries with an official or preferred religion, a median of 66% say being a member of the dominant faith (e.g., Orthodoxy in Greece, Catholicism in Poland) is very or somewhat important to truly belong to the nationality. Births also outnumbered deaths among other major religious groups between 2010 and 2015, including among Buddhists, Jews and members of folk or traditional religions. Estimates of the global size of these faiths generally come from other sources, such as the religious groups themselves. Muslims had the second-largest number of births between 2010 and 2015, with 213 million babies born to Muslim mothers. Except for Muslims and Christians, all major world religions are projected to make up a smaller percentage of the global population in 2060 than they did in 2015.4While Hindus, Jews and adherents of folk religions are expected to grow in absolute numbers in the coming decades, none of these groups will keep pace with global population growth. Members of the official or preferred faith also are much more likely than members of other religions to think the dominant faith is an important element in national belonging. This analysis is based on and builds on the same database of more than 2,500 censuses, surveys and population registers used for the 2015 report The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050. Both reports share the same demographic projection models, but the figures on births and deaths in this analysis have not been previously released. There is no clear difference, for example, on views about democracy. In Bahrain, for example, Islam is the official religion, and the government funds all licensed mosques.28. According to the new index, the United States has a moderate level of religious diversity, ranking 68th among the 232 countries and territories included in the study. In addition, this report provides updated global population estimates, as of 2015, for Christians, Muslims, religious nones and adherents of other religious groups. Home Global Acceptance of LGBTQ On the Rise A global divide on admission of LGBTQ communities remains but is narrowing, a new study shows. . As a result, the unaffiliated are projected to decline as a share of the worlds total population despite the boost they are expected to receive from people leaving Christianity and other religious groups in Europe, North America and some other parts of the world. The first is the assumption that religious freedom is a concept that can be meaningfully defined in isolation from other social, political, and economic factors that shape the contexts out of which religion is expressed and enacted. The world is also becoming more polarized in regard to how different nations affect the environment, with high and growing emissions shares . Between 2015 and 2020, religious nones are projected to experience a net gain of 7.6 million people due to religious switching; people who grew up as Christians are expected to make up the overwhelming majority of those who switch into the unaffiliated group.12 Still, if current religious switching patterns continue, gains made through religious disaffiliation will not be large enough to make up for population losses due to other demographic factors. Still, for many Central and Eastern Europeans including Greeks and Poles religion plays an important role in their sense of national belonging. The number of deaths is projected to increase for all religious groups between 2015 and 2060, as the worlds population continues to grow and grow older. The Government Restrictions Index is typically comprised of 20 indicators. Today, more than 80 countries either have an official religion or favor one or more religious groups over others, according to a new Pew Research Center report. Jews, the smallest religious group for which separate projections were made, are expected to grow by 15%, from 14.3 million in 2015 to 16.4 million worldwide in 2060.5 And adherents of various folk religions including African traditional religions, Chinese folk religions, Native American religions and Australian aboriginal religions, among others are projected to increase by 5%, from 418 million to 441 million. Largely Positive. By 2060, 27% of the global Muslim population is projected to be living in the region, up from 16% in 2015. Most adherents of folk religions, too, will remain in Asia and the Pacific (79% in 2060), although a growing share are expected to live sub-Saharan Africa (7% in 2015 vs. 16% in 2060). Another survey question asked Central and Eastern Europeans about their attitudes toward government funding of churches. Roles of Religion Religious violence is on the rise. (This means that not only will there continue to be more Christian births than deaths in sub-Saharan Africa, but births will exceed deaths by even larger numbers in upcoming five-year periods.) France, for instance, has no official or preferred religion, but it did have a high level of government restrictions on religion in 2015, according to Pew Research Centers ongoing research on global religious restrictions. Global. It is difficult to formally project religious switching in China without reliable information on recent or likely patterns of switching. Introduction The diversity of religions around the world creates challenges for health care providers and systems to provide culturally competent medical care. Health is based on a self-assessed question about overall health. By contrast, Russia recognizes multiple traditional religions, but favors Orthodox Christianity more than the others (see here for more information). If China experiences a net movement toward religious affiliation via switching in the decades ahead, that would tilt the needle toward a more religiously affiliated global population, particularly since China is currently home to a majority of the worldwide unaffiliated population. By far the largest of these groups is Sikhs, who numbered about 25 million in 2015, according to the World Religion Database. And although religious nones tend to be younger than religiously affiliated people in the United States, the opposite is true at the global level: Unaffiliated women are older than the affiliated and thus more likely to be past their prime childbearing years. Among countries with official or preferred religions, Poland is an exception to this pattern, because of its strong support for separation of church and state (70%). Compared with the overall size of the religiously unaffiliated population (16% of the worlds people), there were relatively few recent births to unaffiliated mothers (10% of all births between 2010 and 2015). Globally, the relatively young population and high fertility rates of Muslims lead to a projection that between 2030 and 2035, there will be slightly more babies born to Muslims (225 million) than to Christians (224 million), even though the total Christian population will still be larger. Respondents in all 18 countries were asked whether they think their government should promote religious values and beliefs, or if religion should be kept separate from government policies. June 17, 2013. Jews are such a small share of the global population, however, that the projected change is not visible when percentages are rounded to one decimal place. More than 100 countries and territories included in the study have no official or preferred religion as of 2015. Grim and Vegard Skirbekk. This study, however, takes a relatively straightforward approach to religious diversity. All other religions combined an umbrella category that includes Bahais, Jains, Sikhs, Taoists and many smaller faiths also are projected to decrease slightly in number, from a total of approximately 59.7 million in 2015 to 59.4 million in 2060.6. As of 2015, three-in-four unaffiliated people live in Asia and the Pacific. While the unaffiliated are expected to continue to increase as a share the population in much of Europe and North America, people with no religion will decline as a share of the population in Asia, where 75% of the worlds religious nones live. What is the purpose of the state? In Liberia, for instance, the government has provided tax exemptions and duty-free privileges to registered organizations, including missionary programs, religious charities and religious groups. In many cases, governments also provide funding or resources for religious property, including for the maintenance, upkeep or repair of religious buildings or land. Muslims in Europe and North America also are expected to have more births than deaths through 2060. Iran, whose population is almost entirely Muslim, falls into the low diversity category. On some other issues, publics in Eastern Europe have similar views regardless of their countrys church-state relationship. One of these indicators focuses on whether the government favors a specific religion, including whether it gives funds or other benefits to the religion. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax 2013. Some groups adherents are predominantly young, with their prime childbearing years still ahead, while members of other groups are older and largely past their childbearing years. Relations between the Catholic Church and Polish government are enshrined in aconcordat that, among other things, grants the Catholic Church unique privileges in church-state discussions. Worldwide, the number of Hindus is projected to rise by 27%, from 1.1 billion to 1.4 billion, lagging slightly behind the pace of overall population growth. Studies of religious switching indicate that this phenomenon is often concentrated in young adult years, roughly between ages 15 and 29. About a third of countries with preferred religions (28%) provide state funding or resources for religious education programs not only for the favored religion but also for other religious groups. The global Muslim population also is projected to undergo an important geographic shift toward sub-Saharan Africa. Five countries in sub-Saharan Africa and three in the Asia-Pacific region have Christianity as the favored religion. In some countries, multiple religions are favored to a similar extent by the state. Among the 43 countries with a state religion, 27 (63%) name Sunni Islam, Shia Islam or just Islam in general as their official faith. But roughly seven-in-ten countries in the region (69%) have no official or favored religion. The statedoes not have a concordat with any other religious group. For more information on the size, share and geographic distribution of each of the major religious groups, see Pew Researchs 2012 report The Global Religious Landscape., 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA A small share of countries (5%) have no official state religion or preferred religion but nonetheless maintain a highly restrictive or hostile relationship with some or all major religious groups in the country, strictly regulating religious institutions and practices. 2 Six countries in the Middle East-North Africa region had "very high" levels of religious hostilities during the year - including Israel, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Lebanon and the Palestinian territories. In addition, among countries with official religions, three-in-ten (30%) give more benefits to the state religion while also creating an especially harsh environment for other religions (beyond basic regulation of those groups). As noted in previous Pew Research reports, some of the faiths that have been consolidated into the folk religion and other religion categories have millions of adherents around the world. Most of the countries where Islam is the official religion (16 of 27, or 59%) are in the Middle East and North Africa. But an additional 40 governments around the globe unofficially favor a particular religion, and in most cases the preferred faith is a branch of Christianity. But Muslims saw the largest natural increase of any religious group more than 152 million people due to the relatively small number of Muslim deaths (61 million). Meanwhile, Muslims and Jews in Peru complained that non-Catholic religious holidays were not provided to students or employees.44, 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA Non-Muslim religious groups must register to be able to own land and administer rites such as marriage. A slightly smaller share of countries (20%) have a preferred or favored religion. Elsewhere in South Asia, mob violence caused damage to religious properties in Pakistan and Sri Lanka in 2020. Expected changes to the religious landscape among older adults are discussed in Skirbekk, Vegard, Michaela Potanokov, Conrad Hackett and Marcin Stonawski. Roughly equal shares of the worlds Jews live in Israel (42%) and the United States in 2015 (40%). And a few other countries fall at the other end of the spectrum, making their official religion mandatory for all citizens. For the latest report, see , U.S. Department of State. These demographic patterns are heavily influenced by the situation in Asia, and particularly China, which was home to 61% of the worlds unaffiliated population in 2015. . From a regional perspective, the Middle East-North Africa region has the highest share of countries with an official state religion as of 2015. And the number of Christians is projected to rise, though not as fast as the number of Muslims. However, some fertility differences between religious groups persist. For religious groups in most countries, there is currently either positive natural increase (more births than deaths) or little net change due to births and deaths. Tajikistans constitution, for example, does not recognize a state religion and allows individuals to adhere to any religion.18In practice, however, the government keeps tight control over religious institutions. Hindus also saw a much larger natural increase than the religiously unaffiliated (67 million vs. 26 million). Among thousands of world religions, Christianity is the largest, with 2.3 billion followers. Public religious expression, persuasion or conversion by these groups is punishable by death. These countries include China, Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam and several former Soviet republics places where government officials seek to control worship practices, public expressions of religion and political activity by religious groups. Political parties charters must not run contrary to the principles of Islam, and the Ulema Council, a group of influential Islamic scholars, imams and jurists, meets regularly with government officials to advise on legislation.4The constitution mandates that No law shall contravene the tenets and provisions of the holy religion of Islam in Afghanistan. But this will change in the coming years. In other words, countries with an official or preferred religion are more likely to enact bans on some religious groups than countries without an official or preferred religion regardless of how large a country is, how democratic it is or how widespread social hostilities involving religion are within its borders. A state religion (also called official religion) is a religion or creed officially endorsed by a sovereign state.A state with an official religion (also known as confessional state or religious state), while not a secular state, is not necessarily a theocracy.State religions are official or government-sanctioned establishments of a religion, but the state does not need to be under the control . (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. But religious nones in most European countries saw either a positive natural increase (in 19 countries) or little net change during the period from 2010 to 2015 (in 20 countries). All other groups have fertility levels too low to sustain their populations. No countries in Europe, North America or the Middle East-North Africa region have a very high degree of religious diversity as measured in this study. It is the story of the relationship between God and the world, as told through the lens of Jesus Christ. Gborie CHAPTER 3 - In Guinea, it took nearly three months for health officials and their international partners to identify the Ebola virus as the causative agent. Two of these countries Lithuania and Serbia also include Judaism and Islam as traditional or favored religions. Membership in each religious group is based on self-identification. Nor does it have a preferred or favored religion. Banning of religious groups is much less common among states that do not have an official or preferred religion, with only three countries in this category the Bahamas, Jamaica and Singapore maintaining formal bans on particular groups in 2015.41. Currently, there are more births than deaths among religious nones in all regions, led by the Asia-Pacific region, which is home to a majority of the global religiously unaffiliated population. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, for instance, all laws and regulations must be based on Islamic criteria and the official interpretation of sharia.21Christians, Zoroastrians and Jews are the only recognized religious minority groups, as well as the only non-Muslim groups allowed to worship as long as they do not proselytize. Seventeen of the 20 countries that make up the region have a state religion and in all of them except Israel, the state religion is Islam. (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main Abstract The objective of this paper is to understand global connections between indicators of religiosity and health and how these differ cross-nationally. Religious nones are the third-largest group overall, and yet due to lower levels of fertility, they rank fourth behind Hindus in terms of babies born. Much more frequently, however, states with official religions do not make the religion mandatory, but do give it more benefits than other religions, and those states typically regulate other religious groups in the country. In other words, states with these state-religion relationships will, by definition, always score highly on the GRI; it is an endogenous relationship. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. Six of the 12 are in the Asia-Pacific region (Singapore, Taiwan, Vietnam, South Korea, China and Hong Kong); five are in sub-Saharan Africa (Guinea-Bissau, Togo, Ivory Coast, Benin and Mozambique); and one is in Latin America and the Caribbean (Suriname). The amended. Twenty-eight countries (70%) have Christianity as the preferred religion, mostly in Europe and the Americas. Many different groups ruled areas previously held by the Abbasids. Governments may also provide funding or resources for religious activities unrelated to education or property. Violence inspired by religious intolerance is increasing. For the past eight years, Pew Research Center has published annual reports analyzing the extent to which governments and societies around the world impinge on religious beliefs and practices. At the same time, other countries may have an official or preferred religion for reasons completely separate from the GRI indicators. In 10 countries, the state either tightly regulates all religious institutions or is actively hostile to religion in general. This analysis does not include the last category of state-religion relationships: states with no official or preferred religion that are hostile toward religious institutions. In Latin America and the Asia-Pacific region, the number of Christian births will continue to exceed the number of deaths through 2060, but the natural increases in the 2055 to 2060 time period will be much smaller than they are now as these regions experience significant declines in fertility. For example, people in countries with official or preferred religions are more likely to support government promotion of religious values and beliefs, as well as government funding of the dominant church; they also tend to believe religion is important to their sense of national belonging. Europe and North America have a moderate level of religious diversity, while the Latin America-Caribbean and Middle East-North Africa regions have a low degree of religious diversity. And unlike other religious organizations, the GOC is not required to pay a tax on profits from the sale of religious products, value-added taxes on religious imports, or taxes on activities related to the construction, restoration and painting of religious buildings.15.

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