washington crossing the delaware summary

Fisher, David Hackett, Washington Crossing the Delaware (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004). Soldiers celebrated the victory, Washington's role as a leader was secured, and Congress gained renewed enthusiasm for the war.[2]. She or he will best know the preferred format. This study guide contains the following sections: This detailed literature summary also contains Topics for Discussion and a Free Quiz on After much debate, the council decided on action and planned a third crossing for December 29. Washington's Crossing Summary & Study Guide includes comprehensive information and analysis to We don't accept government funding and rely upon private contributions to help preserve George Washington's home and legacy. And by 11 oclock that evening, while the boats were crossing the river, a howling noreaster made the miserable crossing even worse. Several factors worked in their favor at the beginning. [29], Washington had given charge of the crossing logistics to his chief of artillery, Henry Knox. Painted in 1851 by German artist Emanuel Leutze, Washington Crossing the Delaware became a sensation on both sides of the Atlantic. The troops were ready to march around 4 am. Monumental in size (3.8 by 6.5 meters, or 12.4 by 21.3 feet), stature, and symbolism, this painting has not only inspired extreme patriotism, but has also perpetuated some common misconceptions about Washingtons surprise raid of Hessian forces.Washington attacked the Hessian military base (belonging to hired German soldiers who fought for the British) in Trenton, New Jersey, on Christmas Day 1776, inspiring new hope for the cause of the Patriot Army. On December20, General Lee's division of 2,000 troops arrived in Washington's camp under the command of General John Sullivan. [20], Washington's final plan was for three crossings, with his troops, the largest contingent, to lead the attack on Trenton. Order our Washington's Crossing Study Guide, teaching or studying Washington's Crossing. )[19] The intelligence gathered by Reed and others led Washington to abandon the idea of attacking at Mount Holly, preferring instead to target the Trenton garrison. The artist began the second version of, Washington at the front of the ship (detail), Emanuel Leutze, Washington Crossing the Delaware, 1851, oil on canvas, 378.5 x 647.7 cm (Metropolitan Museum of Art). If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. The 6-Pounders, weighing as much as 1,750 pounds were the most difficult to transport to the far side of the river. Our Digital Encyclopedia has all of the answers students and teachers need. Only the George Washington depicted in this painting is what I . "[42], The victory had a marked effect on the troops' morale. Myth: The Soldiers Crossed in Small Rowboats. A third column under Brigadier General James Ewing was to cross at Trenton Ferry and hold the bridge across the Assunpink Creek, just south of Trenton, in order to prevent the enemy's escape by that route. George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River, which occurred on the night of December 2526, 1776 during the American Revolutionary War, was the first move in a surprise attack organized by George Washington, the commanding general of the Continental Army, against Hessian forces, which were German auxiliaries aiding the British. With typical Hessian bravado, Rall dismissed or even welcomed the threat stating Let them come Why defenses? We don't accept government funding and rely upon private contributions to help preserve George Washington's home and legacy. One of the most repeated stories about the nation's first president is his famous Delaware River crossing on December 25, 1776, during the Revolutionary War. They were hidden behind Taylor Island at McConkey's Ferry, Washington's planned crossing site; security was tightened at the crossing. Grant passed along this information to General Leslie and Col. everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Washington's Crossing. About 2,400 men successfully crossed with George Washington. Time was Washington's greatest enemy; to combat it his orders called for the various regiments to assemble at their designated crossing points no later than sunset. [15] Later that same day, General Gates' division arrived in camp, reduced to 600 whose enlistments had ended, and by the need to keep the northern frontier secure. Cite this page as: Dr. Bryan Zygmont, "Emanuel Leutze, Not your grandfathers art history: a BIPOC Reader, Reframing Art History, a new kind of textbook, Guide to AP Art History vol. A wide variety of watercraft were assembled for the crossing, primarily through the work of militia men from the surrounding counties in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and the assistance of the Pennsylvania Navy. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Washington--Crossing the Delaware [item] [P&P] Access Advisory: --- Obtaining Copies. Working off of misguided intelligence, the American army marched into defeat after defeat in New York. Through the bleakest days of the Revolution, Washington continued to rally his men and lead them to much-needed victories without which their cause would have failed. [45], Washington then adopted a fortified position just south of the Assunpink Creek, across the creek from Trenton. Native american at back of boat (detail), Emanuel Leutze, Washington Crossing the Delaware, 1851, oil on canvas, 378.5 x 647.7 cm (Metropolitan Museum of Art). Need help with homework? Depicted larger in size than the other men on the boat, Washingtons stature is representative of the importance he played in reigniting the American cause during the war. Leutzes work was more of a representation of what the event, and Washington, specifically, symbolized. Other planned crossings in support of the operation were either called off or ineffective, but this did not prevent Washington from surprising and defeating the Hessian troops, commanded under Johann Rall in Trenton. On view in the American Wing Gallery 767 through February 28 th is a special display, Crossings, that explores ongoing resonances between past and present artistic expressionsspecifically, modern and contemporary responses to Emanuel Leutze's epic Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851). Washington Crossing the Delaware is the title of three 1851 oil-on-canvas paintings by the German-American artist Emanuel Leutze . 4 Washington Crossing the Delaware Is Wrong: Washington's Hair. Above all else, it was the determination and perseverance of Washington's soldiers that lead the Americans toward ultimate victory. Middlekauf, Robert. But its artistic depiction, a staple in classrooms across the country, does not tell the whole story about what actually happened that cold day in December. Constant false alarms coupled with bad weather conditions gave Washington the surprise opening he and his men needed to launch a successful attack, even if it took more time than anticipated. The treacherous weather and ice jams on the river stopped General Ewing from even attempting a crossing below Trenton. However, because most of Washingtons army had failed to cross the Delaware, he was without adequate artillery or men and was forced to withdraw from the town. Only three Americans were killed and six wounded, while 22 Hessians were killed with 98 wounded. One of the most obvious discrepancies is the size of the boat. This Study Guide consists of approximately 26pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - Crossing the Delaware. They had to march many miles through the dark and snow to even reach the river crossing site. On December 25, 1776 George Washington and the Continental Army crossed the Delaware River into New Jersey in a surprise attack on the British. P., Leutze, E. & Knoedler, M. (1853) Washington crossing the Delaware. Washington kept almost all of the details of the crossing a secret; as a result, none of the soldiers knew anything about their upcoming mission. In addition to the crossing of large numbers of troops (most of whom could not swim), he had to safely transport horses and eighteen pieces of artillery over the river. The British and Hessians proved to be formidable enemies. On December 28 it snowed, but the weather cleared that night and it became bitter cold. This key moment of the American Revolution, made iconic in a portrait by Emanuel Leutze, was a major victory for General George Washington during the fight for the colonies independence. They became better soldiers and he became a better leader. Oxford, 2007. So why were Washington and his bedraggled Continental Army trying to cross an ice-choked Delaware River on a cold winters night? Nevertheless, the 12 5 by 21 3 (3.8m x 6.5m) painting stirred the patriotic emotions of countless Americans who have seen the painting which now is on display in the American Gallery at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. In his letter, Cadwalader proposed that the British could be driven entirely from the area, magnifying the victory. On the morning of December 26, as soon as the army was ready, Washington ordered it split into two columns, one under the command of himself and General Greene, the second under General Sullivan. [38] During the battle Colonel Rall was mortally wounded, while the Americans captured 1,000 prisoners and seized muskets, powder, and artillery. With these reinforcements and smaller numbers of local volunteers who joined his forces, Washington's forces now totaled about 6,000 troops fit for duty. They were ordered to form small outposts in and around Trenton. One would think that crossing an icy river at night was hard enough without also bringing a great contingent of heavy artillery pieces with them. We don't accept government funding and rely upon private contributions to help preserve George Washington's home and legacy. September 19, 2022 in Paintings D uring the American War of Independence, Christmas night of 1776 was a monumental undertaking for George Washington and his troops who crossed the Delaware River to siege the Hessians. Colonel Cadwalader crossed a significant portion of his men to New Jersey, but when he found that he could not get his artillery across the river he recalled his men from New Jersey. All Rights Reserved. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. George Washington comes across as a true war hero and leader. Day Five: December 29, 1776 From there, they needed to board boats at night, during a frightening noreaster. Discover the Home of George and Martha Washington. Once across, Washington intended for the armies to reassemble and march approximately ten miles to Trenton, arriving there no later than five o'clock in the morning to achieve surprise. One is an African American, another wears the checkerboard bonnet of a Scotsman, and the third wears a coonskin cap. The paintings commemorate General George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River with the Continental Army on the night of December 25-26, 1776, during the American Revolutionary War. [2], But the morale of the Patriot forces was boosted on December19 when a new pamphlet titled The American Crisis written by Thomas Paine, the author of Common Sense, was published.[12]. The military campaign was organized in great secrecy by Washington, who led a column of Continental Army troops from today's Bucks County, Pennsylvania across the icy Delaware River to today's Mercer County, New Jersey in what was one of the Revolutionary War's most logistically challenging and dangerous operations. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. Social Studies, U.S. History, World History. These troops formed a sentry line around the landing area in New Jersey, with strict instructions that no one was to pass through. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan, Matt Mullen and Christian Zapata. Washington's army was shrinking because of expiring enlistments and desertions, and suffered from poor morale because of the defeats in the New York area. Seventy-five years after this event, German artist Emanuel Leutze created his famous depiction of this scene. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze 's Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851) is one of the most famous works of art ever made. Most of Washington's army crossed the Delaware River into Pennsylvania north of Trenton, New Jersey, and destroyed or moved to the western shore all boats for miles in both directions. Stackpole Books, 2004. Glovers men were all quite identifiable with their short blue seamans jackets, tarred pants, and woolen caps. The crossing at the Delaware river has become over the years, the symbol of American spirit and resolve. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. [34], The amount of ice on the river prevented the artillery from finishing the crossing until 3 am on December26. These stout craft with their high side walls were robust enough to survive the ice-choked Delaware. Once ready, Washington led his army on the road to Trenton. Posted 7 years ago. This spy was privy to the early deliberations of Washingtons war council and correctly passed along to British Major General James Grant that Washingtons army was looking to attack north of the river. We will go at them with the bayonet.The day before, Rall had received two American deserters who had crossed the river and told the Hessians that the American army was ready to move. At other crossings, the conditions were so bad that the attempts were abandoned for the day. Washingtons men quickly overwhelmed the Germans defenses, and by 9:30 a.m. the town was surrounded. Reed arrived in Mount Holly on December 22, and found Griffin to be ill and his men in relatively poor condition, but willing to make some sort of diversion. All rights reserved. As a storm and heavy snowfall occurred on Christmas night, Colonel Rall assumed there would be no attack of any consequence to worry about. [17], General Washington had been considering some sort of bold move since arriving in Pennsylvania. The . Captain Daniel Bray, along with Captain Jacob Gearhart and Captain Jacob Ten Eyck, were chosen by Washington to take charge of the boats used in the crossing, supervising the transport of infantry, cavalry, and cannon. The other two divisions, made up of some 3,000 men and crucial artillery, failed to reach the meeting point at the appointed time. Other loyalists informed the Hessians that an attack was imminent. Contributor Names Duthie, James, engraver Darley, Felix Octavius Carr, 1822-1888, artist Created / Published New York : G.P. The American army in contrast, was not. Knox would place the bulk of his artillery at the top of the town where its fire commanded the center of Trenton. Certainly it is idealized and fictionalized, but not as a way of doing any kind of political work on behalf of Washington (who was, to be certainly still at the top of the American historical pyramid). But for many, it is the image of General George Washingtonstanding with one knee bent at the front of a ship, leading his troops to a surprise attack after crossing the mighty Delaware River while an American flag waves majestically over themthat would first come to mind. Yet the outcome would ultimately hinge as much on cold, ice and disease as on fighting prowess. The close proximity to the crossing points allowed the soldiers to begin the journey immediately after nightfall struck and complete the crossing no later than midnight. It was there that he secured the Continental Army's first major military victory of the war. Washington Crossing the Delaware; Summary Washington and other men on horseback; soldiers on foot and on boats. 1776 surprise attack against Hessian forces, George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River, The retreat is recounted in detail by Dwyer, pp. We've made some improvements Explore our new page layout with bigger images, easier to find information, and more. 3 (#99152), Dr. Elena FitzPatrick Sifford on casta paintings, Defining Pre-Columbian and Mesoamerica, Introduction to the Spanish Viceroyalties in the Americas, About geography and chronological periods in Native American art, Fort Ancient Culture: Great Serpent Mound, Mississippian shell neck ornament (gorget), Paquim (Casas Grandes), Mogollon culture, Late pre-classicMesoamerica, an introduction, Mesoamerican art in context: an excerpt from an origin story (Popol Vuh), Olmec mask (offering 20 from the Templo Mayor), Olmec mask at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Rock paintings of Sierra de San Francisco, Pyramid of the Moon and Pyramid of the Sun, The Mesoamerican ballgame and a Classic Veracruz yoke, YaxchilnLintels 24 and 25 from Structure 23 and structures 33 and 40, The Templo Mayor and the Coyolxauhqui Stone, The House of the Eagles, and sculptures of Mictlantecuhtli and Eagle Warrior, Remembering the Toxcatl Massacre: The Beginning of the End of Aztec Supremacy, Mirror Pendant in the Form of a Bat-Human From Grave 5, Sitio Conte, Central American art in context: an origin story of the Bribri people, Global trade and an 18th-century Anishinaabe outfit, Juana Basilia Sitmelelene, Presentation Basket (Chumash), Mat Njin/Standing Bear (Minneconjou Lakota/Teton Sioux), Battle of Little Bighorn, Nellie Two Bear Gates (Ihktuwana Dakhta, Standing Rock Reservation), Suitcase, Carrie Bethel (Mono Lake Paiute), Basket bowl, Pueblo architecture and its relationship to place, Mission Church, San Esteban del Rey, Acoma Pueblo, Nampeyo (Hopi-Tewa), Polacca polychrome water jar, Maria Martinez (Puebloan), Black-on-black ceramic vessel, The pueblo modernism of Ma Pe Wi (Puebloan), Bentwood Boxes of the Northwest Coast peoples, Tlingit mortuary and memorial totem poles, Tlingit Proud Raven totem pole, Saxman Totem Park, Tlingit Oyster Man totem pole, Saxman Totem Park, Northwest Coast BasketryWoven Traditions, Prints and Printmakers in Colonial New Spain, Defensive saints and angels in the Spanish Americas, Hispaniolas early colonial art, an introduction, Classical Architecture in Viceregal Mexico, Puebla de los ngeles and the classical architectural tradition, Mission churches as theaters of conversion in New Spain, The Convento of San Nicols de Tolentino, Actopan, Hidalgo, A new Jerusalem in the Americasthe convento of Acolman, Murals from New Spain, San Agustn de Acolman, Images of Africans in the Codex Telleriano Remensis and Codex Azcatitlan. In this district, Washington Crossing Historic Park in Washington Crossing, Pennsylvania, preserves the area in Pennsylvania, and Washington Crossing State Park in Washington Crossing, New Jersey preserves the area in New Jersey. Direct link to ALEXANDER663's post what were the names of th, There is a third authentic version of "Washington Crossing the Delaware" currently housed in the Minnesota Marine Art Museum in Winona, MN. Both Cadwalader and Ewings forces were unable to cross the ice-choked river. (Although Leutze tried to be accurate, he also hoped to inspire a greater purpose). Leutze's depiction of Washington's attack on the Hessians at Trenton on December 25, 1776, was a great success in America and in Germany. He is shown standing on a boat, symbolically representing the crossing. Mount Vernon Ladies Association. And while Grant stated that he did not think Washington would attack, he did command Rall to be vigilant. They left mainly Hessian troops in New Jersey. Washington's plan was to cross the river at night, march to the nearby town of Trenton, New Jersey, and attack the Hessian garrison right before dawn. Washington crossed the river with John Glover's Marblehead mariners and upon arrival debated whether or not to cancel the entire operation because it was more than three hours behind schedule. A dramatization of George Washington's perilous gamble of crossing the Delaware River and attacking the Hessian forces at Trenton. Headings - Washington, George,--1732-1799--Military service - Horses--1830-1840 - Trenton, Battle of, Trenton, N.J., 1776 - United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783--Campaigns & battles Headings Etchings--1830-1840. By Emily Ngo February 19, 2012. Portrait prints--1830-1840. Despite his meticulous planning, the schedule failed almost before it even began. Washingtons boat was much larger than is painted; the men in the paintings ship represent a diverse group of 12 soldiers; and the flag in the image was not actually designed until after the event took place. Often remembered as Washington crossing the Delaware, it pitted the ragtag Continental Army against perhaps the most feared fighting force on Earth, the German Hessians, whose services had been paid for by Britain. The 2,400 soldiers led by Washington successfully braved the icy and freezing river and reached the New Jersey side of the Delaware just before dawn. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. The main force of British troops returned to New York for the winter season. One soldier recorded that it blew a perfect hurricane as snow and sleet lashed Washingtons army. Print shows General George Washington crossing the Delaware River with several men in the lead boat, with other boats carrying horses. And Washingtons main force managed a crossing, but was more than three hours delayed. Heavy artillery pieces and horses were transported on large flat-bottomed ferries and other watercraft more suited to carrying that type of difficult cargo. A big factor that led the enemy armies to win was accurate intelligence. 3200 Mount Vernon Memorial HighwayMount Vernon, Virginia 22121. The Sullivan column would take River Road from Bear Tavern to Trenton while Washington's column would follow Pennington Road, a parallel route that lay a few miles inland from the river. The Hessians surrendered before morning and the Americans sustained few causalities. General George Washington's commitment to cross the Delaware River on Christmas 1776 foreshadowed the many hardships faced as well as the eventual victory of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. Washington's Crossing is a story of a young nation forging its way toward independence. Washington crossing the Delaware; Summary Print is reproduction of Emanuel Leutze's painting used as a sheet music cover for "The Contintental March." . History >> American Revolution. Why did Washington cross the Delaware? If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. Rowers breaking up the ice as they cross the river on Christmas Day (detail), Emanuel Leutze, Farmers huddled against cold at middle of boat (detail) Emanuel Leutze, Washington Crossing the Delaware, 1851, oil on canvas, 378.5 x 647.7 cm (Metropolitan Museum of Art). He sent his adjutant, Joseph Reed, to meet with Samuel Griffin, the militia commander. At some of crossing points, the ice had frozen two to three inches (4 to 7cm) thick and was capable of supporting soldiers, who crossed the ice on foot. CalendarMapShopRestaurantWays To Give LoginSearch TICKETS MenuSearch Buy Tickets DonateMembership Mount Vernon Plan Your Visit On Christmas night, Washington led a force of 2,400 across the ice-covered Delaware River in a surprise attack on the combined British and Hessian troops based in Trenton, putting the town. Some might choose the Shot Heard Round the World at Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts. The necessity of using larger ferries to carry pieces of artillery across the river caused even more delays. Traveling with heavy artillery, horses, and more men behind him, Washington had support from experienced seamen under the command of Col. John Glover at the crossing site.This is quite the contrast from the image portrayed by Leutzes painting. [55], Landing area in Washington Crossing State Park, James Monroe, along with George Washington, one of the two future U.S. Presidents who took part in the crossing, George Washington (c.1876)by Mahlon Dickerson Eyre in Trenton, .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}40180N 745224W / 40.30000N 74.87333W / 40.30000; -74.87333 (Washington's Crossing). But in the end, all the trouble of moving this large artillery train to Trenton proved its worth. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. After prevailing in the Battle of Trenton, Washington and his Continental Army troops crossed the Delaware River again, returning to Pennsylvania with prisoners and military stores taken in the battle. Rowers breaking up the ice as they cross the river on Christmas Day (detail), Emanuel Leutze, Washington Crossing the Delaware, 1851, oil on canvas, 378.5 x 647.7 cm (Metropolitan Museum of Art). You can navigate days by using left and right arrows. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Discover what made Washington "first in war, first in peace and first in the hearts of his countrymen". Although he was active in portraiture, Leutzes fame today rests upon his history paintings, and among these. Thanks in part to the popularity of a portrait by Emanuel Leutze, a German-born painter who hoped to inspire liberal reforms in his home country during the 1850s, what could have been remembered as a footnote in history became one of Americas most iconic moments. In the fall of 1851, the painting was shipped to the United States where it wowed audiences in New York City and the U.S. Capitol Rotunda in Washington DC. They had a decisive victory that helped turn the war back to the American's favor. Emanuel Leutze, Washington Crossing the Delaware, 1851, oil on canvas, 378.5 x 647.7 cm (Metropolitan Museum of Art), Leutze painted two versions of this painting. In the days approaching Christmas they experienced numerous partisan skirmishes around Trenton, and were subjected to frequent gunfire at night, along with repeated false alarms. Random House, 2005. After crossing the Delaware River clandestinely, Washington and his troops successfully attacked the Hessian forces in the Battle of Trenton in Trenton on the morning of December 26, 1776. Both armies were lead by highly organized and disciplined aristocrats. [25], On the morning of December25, Washington ordered his army to prepare three days' food and issued orders that every soldier be outfitted with fresh flints for their muskets. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. While Rall was in Trenton he and some of his top officers spent Christmas evening at the home of Abraham Hunt, Trenton's postmaster, where Hunt played the role of a Loyalist and placated Rall and his officers with food and plenty of drink into the late hours of the evening and morning, which, by many accounts, compromised Rall's ability to respond to Washington's surprise attack at daybreak. From the mansion to lush gardens and grounds, intriguing museum galleries, immersive programs, and the distillery and gristmill. The New York Evening Mirror boldly called it the grandest, most majestic, and most effective painting ever exhibited in America.Leutze went to great lengths to make his portrait accurate, but even his efforts still left many inaccuracies in place. Meanwhile, the Hessians were held up at Trenton. Washington Crossing The Delaware: History Hands On| Mary Tucker. General George Washington'scommitment to cross the Delaware River on Christmas 1776 foreshadowed the many hardships faced as well as the eventual victory of the Continental Armyduring the American Revolution. A planned fourth crossing, by men provided by General Israel Putnam to assist Cadwalader, was nixed after Putnam indicated he did not have enough men fit for the operation. Washington Crossing the Delaware: Restoring an American Masterpiece. Washington also understood that the element of surprise was the only way that he and his army stood a chance of defeating the highly trained Hessianmercenaries. His role was to harass and prevent the British and Hessian units near the town from racing north to support the Hessians at Trenton. New York: Published by Goupil & Co. [Photograph] Retrieved from the . Washington's army crossed the Delaware River in treacherous weather on Christmas night, 1776. During the American Revolution, Patriot General George Washington crosses the Delaware River with 5,400 troops, hoping to surprise a Hessian force celebrating Christmas at their winter quarters. [23][24], The boats were operated by experienced watermen. Few believed that they could win the war and gain independence. Durham boats and flat ferries were used to cross. Open 365 days a year, Mount Vernon is located just 15 miles south of Washington DC. On the morning of December 25, 1776, Continental soldiers woke up in their camps along the Delaware River to frozen, snow-covered ground. As this effort involved most of the army, eight crossing points were used. Save the Date: #OpenEd22 is October 17-20.

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