camp morton prisoner list

[citation needed] In 1891 the State Board of Agriculture acquired property for the new state fairgrounds at its present location on property bounded by Thirty-eighth Street, Fall Creek Parkway, Forty-Second Street, and Winthrop Avenue. These include correspondence of prison guards, commandants, governors, and many others who were directly or indirectly involved with the running of the prisons, those coming from prisoners as well as Official Records are often looked for or at first. Photograph shows Confederate prisoners of war at Camp Morton. The memoirs of Dr. John A. Wyeth, published in 1914 spends an entire chapter detailing the horrors that Dr. Wyeth experienced while at Camp Morton. While it has been nearly one hundred and fifty years since the end of the American Civil War and the closing of Camp Morton, the Confederate Prisoners who died there and are now buried in Indianapolis have left multiple marks throughout the city. While these two reports do not contradict or give a detailed insight into the daily life of prisoners at Camp Morton, these excerpts show how beneficial the Official Records can be to studying Camp Morton. Within five years the bodies would once again be exhumed and reburied in another section of Greenlawn Cemetery, and in the process the identity of each body would become a mystery. I. United States Indiana Camp Morton Indianapolis, None. In 1891 the property was sold and developed into a residential neighborhood known as Morton Place, a part of the Herron-Morton Place Historic District. Some secondary works rely heavily on these works not only for information, but to validate diaries, Official Records, correspondence, as well as information coming from the citizens outside. The first camp commandant was Col. Richard D. Owen of the 60th Indiana Regiment. 1861-1865 Indianapolis, Indiana Guard and Guard-house at Camp Morton near Indianapolis, Indiana. The Indiana State Fair Grounds, established in 1852 on 36 acres of the old Henderson Farm, on the north side of Indianapolis, became Camp Morton in 1861, a recruitment and training depot for Indiana volunteers. Local papers in Indianapolis frequently published articles about Camp Morton and its prisoners. TRAINING CAMP, 1861 [50], The Indiana State Fair returned to the site in 1868 and remained there until 1891, when the State Board of Agriculture sold the grounds in November to three businessmen from Indianapolis for $275,100. While the article was merely relaying a report by the United States Army on the extreme weather conditions and the suffering that it caused, it shows how newspapers can be very important not only in shaping how the citizens of Indianapolis viewed the POWs and even guards during the war, but perhaps most significantly, what was left for later citizens to learn. Contraband was removed before delivery, and outgoing letters were censored and inspected before they were mailed. The camp later became a major detention facility after the Union victory at Fort Donelson, Tennessee, in February 1862, when the Union sent thousands of captured Confederates north as prisoners of . Large boilers were bought from farmers to replace camp kettles for cooking meals in economic quanities. Drawing on recto shows prisoners standing and sitting in front of tents and stockade fence; drawing on verso shows guards outside fence and rows of tents and buildings within. In the meantime, additional facilities for Confederate prisoners were established in two buildings on Meridian Street, known as Military Hospital Number 2 and Military Hospital Number 3, set up in an old post office on Meridian Street, near Washington Street. If you do not see a thumbnail image or a reference to another surrogate, please fill out a call slip in Diaries are often considered some of the best primary sources on Civil War prisons because prisoners are writing directly after events, and are not recalling from memory later on. Stevens remained as commandant until the end of the war. LC-DIG-ppmsca-33994 (digital file from original item), PH - Unattributed, no. These pose their own set of issues, not entirely different from complete memoirs. Stamps, stationary,cooking utinsels, and tobacco bought for prisoners with the camp fund had a brief positive influence on morale. The uprising would, conspirators hoped, force Union troops to be diverted to the North. Madison: Wisconsin History Commission, 1908. [26] No visitors or communication between the prisoners and the camp guards or local citizens were allowed, but mail correspondence and small packages were delivered to prisoners after they had been inspected. There are currently 14 prison complexes and 2 correctional treatment facilities, for state prisoners in the U.S. state of Arizona.This number does not include federal prisons, detention centers for the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or county jails located in the state.There are 10 state prisons operated by the Arizona Department of Corrections, Rehabilitation and Reentry (ADCRR), 4 . [14] New wards were added to the camp's hospital, but only modest repairs were made to the camp's dilapidated barracks. United States Indiana Camp Morton Indianapolis, None. Following Confederate general Robert E. Lee's surrender on April 9, many of Camp Morton's prisoners were discharged. However, the below sample of text from W.R. Holloway's reply to Dr. John A. Wyeth that was discussed above. Despite the threat of confinement in the new prison, camp's inmates continued to attempt escapes. Keep in mind that these articles were all written after a significant amount of time, and therefore are can be classified as memoirs. Shortly after 8 o'clock I saw a number of rebels run from the barracks toward the end of my beat. In mid-August more than eleven hundred prisoners, including most of Morgan's men, were transferred to Chicago's Camp Douglas. The two new wards of the hospital building are about completed and will be ready for use in a few days. Another primary source that is important are those that were written about the prisons, most notably newspapers. Bodenhamer and Barrows, p. 134 and 74849. This multi-series bound copy of all records from the Civil War is widely used by historians to look at, study, and scrutinize every aspect of the war, including prisons; however, there is always the issue of missing records. Records relating to all prisoners. [18], On February 22, the first Confederate prisoners arrived by train at Indianapolis. In many cases, the originals can be served in a few minutes. The prisoners were sent to Vicksburg, Mississippi, where they were exchanged for Union prisoners held in Confederate prison camps. The camp opened nearly 70 years ago and was located just north of where KJZZ Tempe studios are located today. Prisoners were also permitted to speak to visitors. [32], Escape attempts were more frequent after Owen's tenure at commandant. Following their departure, Camp Morton was used as a military training ground for Union troops and Indiana volunteers who were sent home on parole. Hoffman was replaced as commandant by Col. James Biddle of the 71st Indiana Volunteers. They asked state governors north of the Ohio River to organize accommodations. In 1866 a fire ravaged the cemetery office, destroying the records that gave the precise location of the burials. United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Detention facilities--Union--Indiana--Indianapolis. The publication, in association with The National Archives, marks the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II on all fronts on September 2 and the anniversary on September 5 of the liberation. [29] On August 22, 1862, prisoner exchanges were arranged and final orders were given for the removal of the Confederate prisoners at Camp Morton. Also, it eventually became normal practice to read the letters in order to make sure no negative comments escaped. Of the 3 barracks, 2 served as additional prisoner barracks and the other one was added to the existing hospital. Camp Morton was a military installation located north of Indianapolis. However, the writer might recall events differently after the fact, and editors are taking on the role of assuming what the writer meant or felt. Reasons for properly marking the gravesite of these POWs are straightforward: the common dignity of having their names over their graves; if they would have lived they would have been considered United States citizens and had proper burial rites; recognizing their bravery, perseverance, and loyalty to a cause. Diaries from the prisoners come in many forms: diaries that have been directly transcribed and published such as the diary of Eugene Forbes, who was held at Andersonville, and Curtis R. Burkes diary, who was held at Camp Morton for a short time. Ninety-one prisoners died in November 1863, and 104 more in December. [45][46][48] The monument was moved to Indianapolis's Garfield Park in 1928. Wyeth details the lack of heat in the barracks, lack of food and the fight against starvation, and even malicious cruelties experienced by some prisoners and witnessed by him. In the above paragraphs, the primary sources from prisoners, newspaper articles, and even the Official Records of Camp Morton have been discussed. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. More were held temporarily in Lafayette and Terre Haute. In the first weeks of the American Civil War (1861-1865), thousands of volunteers from around Indiana converged on Indianapolis to organize into military units to be accepted into the United States Army. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. For the first time in the conflict, Union military authorities were confronted with the task of housing large numbers of prisoners. Duplication Services Web site. Josiah was married to Nancy Ann Jones (1837-1912) in June 1854 and by the time this letter was written in 1864, the couple had three . 148.251.123.50 These structures were nothing more than exhibition halls, stables, and barns. Of the 5 buildings, 4 of them housed the prisoners and the other one served as a prison hospital. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society, 1940. Still, Morton's mortality figures were lower than those of other open Union prison camps. The camp's last Confederate prisoners were released on June 12, 1865. All major events in history that are studied at great length are studied with sources of all kinds. [30], By 1863 Camp Morton's buildings were in need of repair, but little was spent on improvements. Library of Congress Duplication Services. Blankets and clothing were issued to those in urgent need. U.S. Sanitary Commission agents recommended installing a sewage system to replace the open-ditch in use and suggested feeding the prisoners more vegetables to combat an outbreak of scurvy. While these diaries sometimes provide valuable information and recount events that are crucial to understanding how a prison operated, often they can be difficult to read depending on the level of education the writer had. Clay W. Holmes. In the work, Haunted by Atrocity, Benjamin Cloyd points to embellished memories coming out of Andersonville in the post-war years, and the issues they have created. Only thirteen of its forty-two hundred prisoners escaped during his command of the camp. While there are letters and diaries that came from Camp Morton, they are not of great value, with little usable information. The campsite reverted to use as the state fairgrounds. Clark reported that the prisoners had sufficient food, clothing, and water, but noted the camp's structures were dilapidated and poorly maintained. Those prisoners who managed to stay healthy, tried desperatly to escape from the camp. INTRODUCTION Cover The Prison Camp at Andersonville Libby Prison Captain Henry Wirz Camp Chase Camp Douglas John H. Winder Camp Morton Camp Lawton Johnson's Island Cahaba Prison Dorence Atwater Rock Island Prison Father Whelan Point Lookout Prison Prison Guards at Andersonville Camp Oglethorpe Elmira Prison Fort Delaware Camp Florence Daniels served as a private in Co. C, 1st Kentucky Cavalry (Butler's). Reference staff can Officers sought to remedy sewage and drainage problems in the camps and provided medical care. The Library of Congress generally does not own rights to material in its collections and, therefore, cannot grant or deny permission to publish or otherwise distribute the material. The area became known as the Confederate Mound. Hot coffee is served to the men when relieved, and pains are taken to prevent suffering and needless exposure. Conditions at the prison continued to grow worse as time went along. Below is the use of the words "rations" in a series of articles written in Confederate Veteran magazine by former Camp Morton POWs. No. [21], Colonel Richard Owen took over as commandant of the prisoner-of-war camp and served in that role until June 20, 1862, when his regiment was called to active duty and he departed Indianapolis with his men. Starting in February 1862 Camp Morton was a prisoner of war camp for captured Confederate soldiers throughout the war. Private Phillip Hattle, Co. Seven hundred extra blankets and many shoes had been issued. Pictured above is the monument that once stood at Green Lawn Cemetery, but now stands at Garfield Park in Indianapolis, Indiana. Camp Morton was established on a 36-acre (150,000m2) tract of land that bordered present-day Central Avenue and Nineteenth, Twenty-second, and Talbott Streets. These diaries also have positives and negatives. For this project both primary and secondary sources on Camp Morton, as well as works on public memory, monuments, memory theory, and other areas of memory studies were examined in a variety of new and different ways. Continued Confederate reverses crowded Morton, and individual complaints of maltreatment by guards surfaced. [33] Confederate prisoners were buried in wooden coffins in trenches on five lots purchased near the City Cemetery, which was later expanded and became known as Greenlawn Cemetery. It was among the largest of the Union's eight prison camps established for Confederate noncommissioned officers and privates. The next image shows that "rations" was used sixteen times total between the articles, but the table also shows how many times each article used the word. Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as 37900 N 45TH AVE. PHOENIX, AZ 85086. This lack of primary sources coupled with the Camp Mortons lack of notoriety greatly contributed to it being forgotten. With the start of the American Civil War, many needs arose across both the remaining states of the Union, and the newly formed Confederate States of America. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. By the end of 1863, a smallpox epidemic broke out at the camp. The confinement area was surrounded by a poorly constructed wide-board fence, and at some locations, the backs of other exhibition halls served as parts of the enclosure. Infty. Winslow and Moore, p. 107, 110, 115, and 127128. While understanding the context in which "pleasant" is used is important, viewing the number of times it was used in relation to other words adds another layer of context, and puts the word use into further perspective.

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