prevalence of malnutrition in pregnancy

In the adolescent offspring (11-17 years), there was a small reduction in fasting plasma glucose concentrations (mean -0.05 mmol/l) but no differences in adiposity, blood pressure, insulin concentrations or serum lipids [17]. Oh HK, Kang S, Cho SH, Ju Y, Faye D. Factors influencing nutritional practices among mothers in Dakar, Senegal. Hence, this study was intended to determine the prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among pregnant women visiting ANC clinics in Silte Zone. Bagriansky J, Champa N, Pak K, Whitney S, Laillou A. In-depth analysis of data from a prospective study involving a total of 389 eligible pregnant women . World Banck. Data were entered into a computer using Epi data version 3.1, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 20. There is also increasing interest in whether maternal obesity, in the absence of diabetes, causes fuel-mediated teratogenesis and programmes cardio-metabolic risk in the children. Tang AM, et al. Your privacy choices/Manage cookies we use in the preference centre. Accelerate the elimination of discriminatory gender and social norms to enable adolescent girls and women to realize their rights to food and nutrition. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to January 2019. For the mother, a short birth interval may give her insufficient time to recover from the nutritional burden of pregnancy [49]. In populations with a very high prevalence of gestational diabetes, such as the Pima Indians, the curve becomes U-shaped [6]. The risk of maternal nutritional depletion and poor outcomes increases in early or closely spaced pregnancies. 2023 May 9;13(5):e070978. J Med Care Res Rev. Futur Child. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! plos One. PMC A Systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors associated with malnutrition among pregnant, Fig 5. Epigenetic perturbations in a limited number of key metabolic genes could also explain the striking phenomenon in animal models whereby widely differing nutritional interventions in the mother (from global nutrient restriction to high-fat feeding) apparently result in the same metabolic syndrome phenotype in the offspring [30]. 2019;6(10):445661. Nutr Metab Insights. PLoS One. Imdad A, Bhutta Z. Maternal nutrition and birth outcomes: effect of balanced protein-energy supplementation. Undernourished children are more likely to become short adults, to have a poor educational achievement, and to give birth to smaller infants [19]. Therefore, we intended to review the burden of malnutrition, for this specific review implies to protein energy malnutrition, during pregnancy in Africa to present its magnitude and determinant factors. PLoS One. Databases and tools. Iodine, vitamin A, and iron are the most important in global public health terms; their deficiency represents a major threat to the health and development of populations worldwide, particularly children and pregnant women in low-income countries. Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. Womens diets in many countries contain limited fruits, vegetables, dairy, fish and meat. The prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was 21.8%. White SL, Perkovic V, Cass A, Chang CL, Poulter NR, Spector T, Haysom L, Craig JC, Salmi IA, Chadban SJ, Huxley RR. Geneva; 1990. The majority 285(68.3%) of them had recommended meal frequency. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Google Scholar. Low protein diet fed exclusively during mouse oocyte maturation leads to behavioural and cardiovascular abnormalities in the offspring. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Kassa GM, Arowojolu AO, Odukogbe AA, Yalew AW. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the degree of association between independent and dependent variables. Strengthen the coverage and quality of counselling to help adolescent girls, women, and their family members make decisions and take action to improve nutrition. PLoS One. FOIA Improved management of diabetes in pregnancy reduces fetal macrosomia but it is not yet known whether this prevents later effects in the children. Rapid childhood or adult weight gain on a background of low birthweight is associated with an increased risk of cardio-metabolic disease (left to right arrow), and (in women) with gestational diabetes, which exposes her fetus to excess fuel mediated teratogenesis, another route to increased diabetes risk (right-hand circle). Serbesa ML, Iffa M, Geleto M. Factors associated with malnutrition among pregnant women and lactating mothers in Miesso health center, Ethiopia. PRISMA statement presentation for systematic review and meta-analysis of malnutrition during pregnancy in, Fig 2. Optimizing nutrition early in lifeincluding the 1000 days from conception to a childs second birthdayensures the best possible start in life, with long-term benefits. Maternal undernutrition is highly prevalent in underdeveloped countries. It is well known that the magnitude of undernutrition in Ethiopia is unacceptably high. Determining a Global Mid-Upper Arm Circumference Cutoff to Assess Malnutrition in Pregnant Women. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the malnutrition, it will be influenced by how long these pandemic-related shocks to the economy, food systems and health systems persist. The published trials include a variety of interventions and ages at follow-up, but fall into three groups (mainly protein-energy supplementation [1618], multiple micronutrient supplementation [1921]), or both [22]). 2016;6(4):37885. The burden of co-occurrence of iron, folate, and vitamin A deficiency, on the other hand, has received less attention. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among pregnant women visiting the ANC clinics in Silte Zone, southern Ethiopia. 1975;28(11):122333. 2019;5(17). It can also occur if there is high fetal demand, for example because of faster growth. Malnutrition is the condition that develops when the body is deprived of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function. The current study found 21.8% (MUAC<23) prevalence rate of undernutrition. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0509.1000222. A common cause for a common phenotype: the Gatekeeper hypothesis in fetal programming. The variation might be due to differences in MUAC cut of value, and the socio-culture distinctions between Ethiopia and the other counties. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, Before Furthermore, this type of plasticity means that the programming of long-term outcomes may not require major nutritional deficits during organogenesis and differentiation, but could result from short-lived and subtle changes in the nutritional environment at stages of development when nutrient demands for growth are still quite small, such as during the peri-conceptional period and early embryogenesis [23]. PubMed Select the option that best describes you. Higher birthweight is associated with an increased risk of cancer, and (if caused by gestational diabetes) obesity and diabetes. Early immunological development and mortality from infectious disease in later life. 2019;3:13. 2019;19(1):517. World health organization. A systematic review and meta-analysis of factors associated with malnutrition during pregnancy in, MeSH Children with low weight-for-age are known as underweight. Adrianne B. The Decade is an unprecedented opportunity for addressing all forms of malnutrition. Use multiple communication channels (print, broadcast, social and digital media) to reach adolescent girls, women and the general public with advice on nutrition and care practices. Matern Heal Neonatol Perinatol. All authors have contributed to the analysis, writing, drafting, and editing the manuscript. Maternal diabetes during pregnancy exposes the fetus to an excess of nutrients. The first convincing evidence that fetal undernutrition could have a long-term influence on human health came from the follow-up of adults who were in utero during the Dutch Famine (Hunger Winter) of 1944-45. Dominguez-Salas P, Cox SE, Prentice AM, Hennig BJ, Moore SE. Google Scholar. Gewa CA, Oguttu M, Yandell NS. See this image and copyright information in PMC. UNICEF estimates that low birthweight affects more than 20 million newborns every year. . Paternally induced transgenerational environmental reprogramming of metabolic gene expression in mammals. Better nutrition is related to improved infant, child and maternal health, stronger immune systems, safer pregnancy and childbirth, lower risk of non-communicable diseases (such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease), and longevity. Maternal zinc supplementation and growth in Peruvian infants. 2019;14(9). Two-year old children whose mothers received multiple micronutrient supplements during pregnancy were heavier and had larger head, chest and mid-arm circumferences and larger skinfold thickness, but lower systolic blood pressure, than children of control women, who received only iron and folic acid [19]. MM conceived the idea and had major roles in the proposal development. government site. overweight, obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases (such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and some cancers). MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, UK. Interval between current and just previous pregnancy found inversely associated with the undernutrition of pregnant women. In this study, the overall prevalence of undernutrition among study subjects was 21.8%. Those not willing to participate were given the right to do so. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Matern Child Nutr. The developmental, economic, social, and medical impacts of the global burden of malnutrition are serious and lasting, for individuals and their families, for communities and for countries. During pregnancy, poor diets lacking in key nutrients like iodine, iron, folate, calcium and zinc can cause anaemia, pre-eclampsia, haemorrhageand death in mothers. High prevalence of undernutrition hampers economic development and preserves poverty both directly, through a loss of productivity due to poor physical condition, and indirectly, through poor cognitive function and learning deficits [18]. A child who is underweight may be stunted, wasted, or both. Dietary Diversity and Haemoglobin Level Associated With Under Nutrition Among Pregnant Women at Sidama Hawassa, Ethiopia: Facility Based Cross-Sectional Study. We wish to express our deep appreciation to all staffs and data collectors for their contribution to the overall success of this study and all respondents for their cooperation, time and genuine response. Low height-for-age is known as stunting. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Calverton. There are many reasons to suspect that a short birth interval could adversely affect nutritional status of the mother or the child. Maternal undernutrition as proxy indicators of their offsprings undernutrition: evidence from 2011 Ethiopia demographic and health survey. Mean is used as a cut off value to categorize nutritional status. 10.1371/journal.pone.0221712. Poor . They can also lead to stillbirth, low birthweight, wasting and developmental delays for children. 2017;3. Google Scholar. Kumari U, Sharma RK, Keshari JR, Sinha A. Cureus. Without enough nutrients, a baby is at higher risk of neural tube defects, brain damage, premature birth, underdevelopment of organs, death and more. Human data is limited, but epigenetic changes have been shown in newborns whose mothers took part in a randomised controlled trial of pre-conceptional multiple micronutrient supplements; in Gambian children conceived in the hungry versus the harvest season; and in adult offspring of women exposed to the Dutch famine [33]. The associations with risk factors for disease have been shown in children as well as adults. Alemayehu A, Gedefaw L, Yemane T, Asres Y. This finding is similar to a previous study [23]. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231940. Five items measuring nutritional knowledge were scored on a dichotomous scale (0 = does not know response, 1=knows). https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000454. Antenatal supplementation with folic acid + iron + zinc improves linear growth and reduces peripheral adiposity in school-age children in rural Nepal. Maternal malnutrition experienced during the pandemic can also affect stunting by increasing the risk of low birthweight, a key predictor of impaired linear growth.3 Therefore, increased stunting prevalence may be https://doi.org/10.16966/2471-8211.102. de Onis M, Blssner M, Villar J. This may be a particularly important phenomenon in transitioning populations, in which mothers who themselves had a low birthweight are at increased risk of developing gestational diabetes and thus exposing their offspring to fuel-mediated teratogenesis (Figure 3). Washington, DC: USAID; 2013. Pregnant women who had birth interval greater than 2years had a lesser risk of undernutrition compared to those who had a birth interval of fewer 2 years. Waterland RA, Garza C. Potential mechanisms of metabolic imprinting that lead to chronic disease. Undernutrition during pregnancy physiologically demanding period would result in adverse pregnancy outcomes [4] Undernutrition makes the women more susceptible to diseases, more risk of having miscarriages, and give birth to low weight baby whose survival is at risk [3, 5]. However, there is some evidence that pre-term birth is also a risk factor for cardio-metabolic outcomes like hypertension, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome [11]. These mostly occur in low- and middle-income countries. Prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among pregnant women visiting ANC clinics in Silte zone, Southern Ethiopia, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03404-x, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-019-0281-z, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malnutrition, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221712, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40748-018-0087-z, https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000454, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215305, https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0509.1000222, https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000219, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/, bmcpregnancyandchildbirth@biomedcentral.com. Whincup PH, Kaye SJ, Owen CG, Huxley R, Cook DG, Anazawa S, Barrett-Connor E, Bhargava SK, Birgisdottir B, Carlsson S, De Rooij S, et al. Healthy children learn better. A mother, 19 years old, breastfeeds her infant in India, in 2010. Unhealthy diets and poor nutrition are among the top risk factors for these diseases globally. The instrument was pretested in 5% of the sample size. 2016;12(1):5163. Majority (76.7%) of women were rural residents. Undernourished considered when Pregnant womens MUAC was <23cm and23cm was considered well-nourished [23, 34, 35]. Symposium Report on a Nutrition Policy Discussion Paper on Women and Nutr. Dadi AF, Desyibelew HD. In Ethiopia, household food security varies with season. Desyibelew HD, Bayih MT, Baraki AG, Dadi AF. 2020 Mar 18;15(3):e0229698. Interventions targeting maternal nutrition education and child spacing with giving special emphasis to adolescent pregnant women are recommended. Paediatr Int Child Health. Using a random effect model, the overall pooled prevalence of malnutrition among pregnant women in Africa was 23.5% (95%CI: 17.72-29.32; I2 = 98.5%). There were no differences in their blood pressure or lipid concentrations. Intergenerational under-nutrition results in low birthweight, and a number of adverse later outcomes, including impaired human capital (left-hand circle). A systematic review and meta-analysis, Fig 5. Improving womens diets, access to nutrition services, and nutrition and care practices before and during pregnancy and while breastfeeding is critical to preventing malnutrition in all its forms. Data was entered into a computer using Epi data3.1 and edited, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Women who were seriously ill, those who had hand deformity, and those who had revisit during the study period were excluded. Implement gender-transformative policies and legal measures that strengthen the social and economic empowerment of adolescent girls and women. Furthermore, there is limited data on prevalence and factors associated with maternal undernutrition in the study area particularly the southern region of Ethiopia. Mid upper arm circumference of the left arm was measured triplicate using a non-stretchable standard MUAC tape to the nearest 0.1cm with no clothing on the arm. Birthweight and risk of type 2 diabetes: a quantitative systematic review of published evidence. Maternal factors such as age, education, family size and marital status have also been found to significantly influence the nutritional status of their under-five children [8, 9]. World Health Organization. Building climate resilience for food security and nutrition. This work is framed by the Comprehensive implementation plan on maternal, infant, and young child nutrition, adopted by Member States through a World Health Assembly resolution in 2012. In a trial in Peru, infants of mothers who were supplemented with iron, folic acid and zinc were heavier and had larger chest circumference and calf muscle area than those of women who received iron and folic acid without zinc [21]. Build bolder leadership to mobilize institutions, leverage resources and galvanize actions for adolescent girls and womens nutrition more effectively. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Dietary change as a result of the current pregnancy was significantly associated with maternal undernutrition. eCollection 2023. One hundred thirty (44.2%) of women gave birth with 3 year interval. Kedir H, Berhane Y, Worku A. Ethiopia is a multicultural country. This review has been registered in Prospero with a protocol number CRD42018114949. Meal frequency was considered to be recommended (adequate) when respondents take an additional meal (>3 meals per day) as a result of the current pregnancy [36]. From the total 422 pregnant women, 417 were participated in this study, making a response rate of 98.8%. Nutrition and health in developing countries. Prendergast AJ, Humphrey JH. 2019;3:15. There were no effects on blood pressure, other lipids, glucose or insulin. Iannotti LL, Zavaleta N, Leon Z, Shankar AH, Caulfield LE. 2019;14(2). Improve access to essential nutrition services for adolescent girls and women before and during pregnancy and while breastfeeding, including in humanitarian crises. Coinciding with the growth and mental development in children, protein energy malnutrition is a major problem, and this early window period is considered essential to prevent . There is also evidence from animal studies of tissue re-modelling in the pancreas, liver and hypothalamus in response to fetal under-nutrition. UNICEF supports programmes that provide specialized support and nutritional care to pregnant adolescent girls, breastfeeding adolescent mothers and other nutritionally at-risk pregnant and breastfeeding women. Articles quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and studies with fair to good quality were included.

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