muslim scientists 21st century

Syed Ali Nasir Saeed Abaqati. approximately a billion people, live in forty-eight Muslim majority countries (MMC) in . 1. The strange saga of Hvaldimir the Russian spy whale. One of the caliphs brilliant courtiers, the surgeon Al-Zahrawi, also known as Abulcasis, compiled the Al-TasrifThe Method of Medicinea 30-volume encyclopedia that documented accounts of his and his colleagues experiences in treating the sick and injured: surgical instruments, operating techniques, pharmacological methods to prepare tablets and drugs to protect the heart, surgical procedures used in midwifery, cauterizing and healing wounds, and the treatment of headaches. Everywhere Muslims are bullied, detained, bombed and massacred with impunity. My faith is important to me and I was always taken by verses in the Quran which ask people to ponder the universe. He wrote many books on the subjects that interested him, including medicine and botany. The growth of Islam in the seventh century sparked a golden age of scientic discovery. However, I often wondered if science was an arena open for everyone. Hospitals allowed the poorest to benefit from the knowledge of outstanding doctors: Beggars in Baghdad might be operated on by Rhazes, the great surgeon of the city hospital. Prior to her appointment as head of the ICBA, she held a number of positions in the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. In addition to her professional work, Rana staunchly believes in educating and empowering women, which led to her sitting on the board of the United Nations Women Jordan Advisory Council. This process involves careful observation and experimentation to test hypotheses about how things work. What makes Abu Hanifa ad-Dinawari famous? Ammar ibn Ali Al-Mawsili: Inventor of The Hypodermic Syringe, #6. In 2018, there were 18.1 million new cases and 9.5million cancer-related deaths worldwide.By 2040, the number of new cancer cases per year is expected to rise to 29.5 million and the number of cancer-related deaths to 16.4 million. Dr. NedaMirzadeh an Iranian-Australian is a co-leader of a team of researcher in RMIT University Melbourne which engineered gold-based molecules that target cancer cells and leave healthy cells unharmed, in a critical step towards precision cancer drugs with fewer toxic side effects.Pre-clinical studies have shown the molecules were up to 24 times more effective at killing cancer cells than the widely used anti-cancer drug and were also better at inhibiting tumor growth says the website of the University. Abu Bakr Al-Razi was a Persian physician who is most notable for pioneering medical science. Persian philosopher and scientist known for his contributions to Aristotelian philosophy and medicine. New treatments were developed for specific ailments, including a revolutionary treatment to treat cataracts. There are currently 1.5 billion people in the world who identify themselves as Muslim. Want to keep your memory sharp? A romanticized engraving of the 11th-century scholar Avicenna, who provided a strong theoretical framework for medicine. Philosopher, astronomer, and physician, he writes a medical encyclopedia known as the Colliget in Latin. Sindi has also participated in numerous events aimed at raising the profile of science amongst females, particularly in the Muslim World. On this planet cancer is another daunting challenge for the human being. Role of Muslim Scientists in the Development of the Sciences (17th century-21st century) Authors: Tehmina Rafiq Government College Women University, Sialkot Abstract Science and. Do you have problem with persian?Jabir ibn hayyan,Al-Razi,al-khwarizmi,Avicenna,Al-Farabi,Al-Jazzari Were Persianyou should mention persianfor them.! Al-Baz participated in the Apollo program in which he was the supervisor of Lunar Science and Lunar Exploration while also chairing the astronaut-training group. Physicians from Islamic countries during the late Middle Ages enjoyed great respect. She is the winner of the 2009 Google India Women in Engineering Award. Eventually, I made a conscious decision to stop worrying about what people thought of me and just concentrate on my job. Here's how to prepare. In addition to providing information about specific eye disorders, Isa al-Kahhal also illustrated the anatomy of the eye itself. Muhammad ibn Sirin, working in what is today Iraq, composed a great Arabic work, Tabir al-Anam, on dream interpretation in the eighth century. But Covid-19 taught us all to utilize online platforms conveniently for purchases from grocery to carpets, payments of bills & school fees and selling products without dedicated ecommerce platform utilizing just WhatsApp. Doctors of different faiths worked together, debating and studying with Arabic as the common tongue. Jewish and Christian doctors, in addition to Muslim physicians, worked in these institutions. Medieval universities used his books as standard medical texts until the Renaissance. It covered many eye diseases and their treatments. This attitude is essential for all scientists and it is very clear in computer science where claims can be interpreted, understood and verified in mathematical and logical formats.. Avicennas attempt to harmonize the medical practices of the Greek thinker Galen with the philosophy of Aristotle reveals the multiple nature of the debt owed to Muslim scholarship, which did not merely revive Greek authors, but stimulated new patterns of thought for the centuries ahead. My faith inspires my work in many different ways. Shah works extensively in Artificial Intelligence. [CDATA[ YouTube is now the second most visited website with billions of users watching more than a billion hours of videos everyday. A few latest contributions by Muslims, although groomed in non-Muslim societies, can serve as a ray of hope for the return of Muslim intellect to science and technology. On the eastern bounds of Islam, Gondeshapur in Persia had become a center for Greek medicine and learning after scholars migrated there in A.D. 529, following the decision of the emperor Justinian to close the Academy in Athens. Zewail received his doctoral training in the USA and was appointed a full professor at the University of California. Funded by donations called waqf, public hospitals treated the sick, provided a place to convalesce and recover, housed the mentally ill, and provided shelter to the aged and infirm. Piri Reis was a Turkish navigator and cartographer who lived in the 16th century. He is notable for popularizing the Islamic perspective on sociology, historiography, demography, and economics. Patients became depressed, for example, because of a surfeit of black bile. Translated into Latin in the 12th century, Method was a foundational medical text in Europe well into the Renaissance. Advertise on TMV. She also earned a place in history as the fourth private explorer to visit space and the first astronaut of Iranian descent. Was Nepal right to ban solo trekking in the Himalayas? Muslims are also the most oppressed people anywhere in the world. STORY HIGHLIGHTS. She presented an algorithm in computerised cognitive learning that she and a team of colleagues developed at IIT Delhi, India. Coffee Coffee, something that is now so commonly used in Europe was actually widely used in the Islamic Empire. Abu Hanifa ad-Dinawari was a Persian polymath and the author of the Book of Plants. We're trying to bridge the gap between our deep-rooted Islamic traditions and the culture clash that is the world today. His most important contribution was his dedication to empirical evidence instead of superstition or relying on prior knowledge. In the eighth century, extensive contact with the Byzantine Empire led to a drive to translate philosophical works . Pakistan PM and Army heads looted Pakistan, and other countries like Syria, Libya, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan face the same problems. He used it to create maps that are still resourceful. Muhammed al-Ahari. I want to tell women scientists around the world not just Muslims that we should cross bridges and find the good in people. I want to tell the whole world: do not let people belittle your dreams, if you believe in who you are, go for it.. Islam, major world religion promulgated by the Prophet Muhammad in Arabia in the 7th century ce. In his home country of Iraq, Khwarizmi was a prominent mathematician who wrote about algebraic equations and how to solve them. Ammar ibn Ali Al-Mawsili was an Arab ophthalmologist known for inventing the hypodermic syringe. Well, your search is over. Also known as Thebit. Samira is also responsible for opening the first faculty of nursing in Saudi Arabia. But can you name any born within the last hundred years? Health could be restored by rebalancing them with diets and purges, and explains the importance that Islamic medicine placed on hygiene and diet. there is remarkable similarity in the schematic diagrams of Ibn al-Shatir (1304-1375) for theory of lunar motion and sun-centered planetary model of Copernicus (1473-1543). Syed Saif Abbas Naqvi. Hayat Sindi is a Saudi-born medical scientist who is famous for making major contributions to point-of-care medical testing and biotechnology. The American-born Saudi professor of pharmaceutical chemistry Ghada al-Mutairi is not only a scientist but also an inventor and an entrepreneur. His book (isb al-Jabr wal-Muqbala) ( The calculation of Integration and Equation) was used until the 16th century as the principal textbook of European universities. They include: List of scientists in medieval Islamic world. It consists of six volumes and more than 600 pages. Science Watch ranked him number four among Academic Chemistry researchers Worldwide. Recently the world marked International Day for Women in Science, making it a great opportunity to celebrate the contributions of female Muslim scientists. Essential volumes in any scientists library were preserved in Cordoba. He coined a disease of inflamed blood vessels as the Behets disease. He believed that everything should be tested before being accepted as fact. While historians believe that the coffee bean originated in Africa, most likely. Arab mathematician, scientists and astronomer who improved existing values for the length of the year and of the seasons. Arab traveler and scholar who wrote one of the most famous travel books in history, the Rihlah. Shah is a Senior Research Scientist at Thomson Reuters, New York. Arab scientist, botanist and physician who systematically recorded the discoveries made by Islamic physicians in the Middle Ages. Al-Mutairi received numerous honours and awards for her work on Chemically Amplified Response Strategies for Medical Sciences. 10th CenturySurgeon Al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) is born in Cordoba. He said in a statement, Gemini, the battery, will enable long distance trips on a single charge while improving cost and safety using sustainable materials. Allah is viewed as the sole Godcreator, sustainer, and . The greatest advances in surgery of the era were detailed by Al-Zahrawi who invented a wide range of instruments: forceps, pincers, scalpels, catheters, cauteries, lancets, and specula, all carefully illustrated in his writings. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Going through news bulletins and reading more about such notable figures, I recall the first verse that was revealed to our beloved Prophet from the holy Quran: (Read). The new Muslim elites who occupied Gondeshapur were determined to revive, absorb, and spread what they saw as this lost learning. Have you ever heard of a scientist who invented the modern concept of visual perception? Al-Nafis also described how blood passes through capillaries between arteries and veins (known as capillary circulation). Already a doctor at age 18, his great volume Al-Qanun fi al-TibbCanon of Medicinebecame one of the most famous medical works of all time, and an extraordinary exercise in the bringing together of different disciplines and cultures. The biomedical sciences of the Arabic-Islamic worldunderwent remarkable development during the 8th to13th centuries C.E., a owering of knowledge andintellect that later spread throughout Europe andgreatly inuenced both medical practice and educa-tion. Now eBay facilitates online customer-to-customer and business-to-customer sales, while it was fundamentally founded as an online auction facilitator. And so, here I am, reflecting on some of the 20th and 21st century's most renowned and internationally recognized scientists who just so happen to be Muslims. The 12th century saw the emergence of the work of the outstanding Ibn Rushdknown in Christendom as Averroesand the Jewish physician and thinker Moses Maimonides. But with Al-Mawsilis invention, doctors could administer injections directly into the eye without causing pain or damage. He also contributed to mechanics, algebra, and geometry. Success stories such as these strengthen our belief that 21stCentury will certainly witness considerable contributions from Muslim researchers and scholars. Also known as Averroes. Islam in the 21st century: Challenges and opportunities for social work with Muslims . To celebrate scientists and scientific advancements, we have collected a list of the most famous Muslim scientists that will inspire us for the greater good. Home; E-PAPER; EDITOR'S ARTICLES; WORLD; BUSINESS; DIPLOMATIC NEWS; SPORTS; VIDEOS; CENTRAL ASIA . Looking back at my life, Im hoping that I could give them a positive example of how that could happen.. Their motive, even by the turbulent politics of the day, was an unusual one: The king was unable to fulfill his regal duties with dignity, the rebels said, because he was too fat. Heres how you can help. "Muslim scholars" redirects here. It seems nostalgic when there is discussion about the contributions of Muslim scientists to the development of science and expansion of knowledge. Last edited on 26 December 2022, at 18:24, List of scientists in medieval Islamic world, List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars, List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lists_of_Muslim_scientists_and_scholars&oldid=1129698189, This page was last edited on 26 December 2022, at 18:24. A new study projecting the economic futures of four income groups of countries over the next century finds growth will be slower than predicted, with developing countries taking longer . Please be respectful of copyright. Early Muslim medicine drew on traditional practices from the region, some dating back to ancient Mesopotamia and ancient Babylon in the third millennium B.C. Abu Rayhan Biruni: The Greatest Scientist of the Islamic World, An Islamic Perspective on the Destruction of the Rain Forests, Islamic Foundation for Ecology and Environmental Science, Ecology, Sustainability, and Future Generations: An Islamic Perspective, Eid on the Family Farm: A Personal Reflection of Love and Bridging the Gaps, Learning Sacrifice and Love From Eid Al-Adha. She obtained a PhD in biotechnology from Newnham College, Cambridge and is currently a visiting scholar at Harvard University. This text focuses on religious philosophy, alchemy, and magic. There are currently more than 106,000 patients on the national transplant waiting list out of which 10 patients die every day in America. He also introduced sines and several trigonometric relationships that mathematicians use today. One of the most lasting contributions of Islam was the hospital. In the era of 21 st century, Muslim researchers are facing various challenges because of influence of different cultural origins, political power, and existing different belief systems. She obtained a PhD in material chemistry from the University of California, Riverside and has been focusing her research since then on nanomedicine, nanotechnology, chemistry and polymer science. Arab astronomer and mathematician known for his important contributions to the principles of optics and the use of scientific experiments. In 2008, she received the Distinguished Alumni Award from her alma mater, La Trobe University, the ninth person to receive this honour from over its 120,000 alumni. His book Memorandum of the Occultists was one of the most influential texts during this time. Much like medical students of today, scholars learned from mentoring by experienced doctors. And war caused a 13% loss of global GDP . Claudius Ptolemy developed the Ptolemaic system. She has made significant contributions to medicine and agriculture through her study and classification of indigenous plant materials. Galileos spectacular work in astronomy can be attributed to the thirteenth century Muslim astronomer al-Tusi. Ad-Dinawari was also one of the first Muslim scientists to examine the relationship between astronomical concepts and plants. Al-Battani figured out that its caused by the moon being between us and the sun. This opening verse came with a direct message urging us to seek knowledge and keep on challenging ourselves and surroundings. ), Quantum computing, genetic engineering, and modern physics. Who would encourage thought and logic if it wasnt to be found on the pathway of free-thinking? Thabit ibn Qurra was a Turkish mathematician and astronomer notable for reforming the Ptolemaic system. It also drew upon the work of previous scholars, such as seventh-century Byzantine medic Paul of Aegina. She was also headhunted to join George Whitesides famous laboratory. The global economy will grow slower in the 21st century than economists have expected, a finding that has implications for our ability to adapt to climate change in the coming decades, according to new research. Physician, chemist, and teacher, he writes many important medical works later translated into Latin and Greek. The writer is the Associate Professor Management Sciences, Madam Naoko WADA hosts celebration of Spring, Pakistan secures critical $3bn nod from IMF in nick of time, PM Shehbaz to attend SCO meeting virtually, Daily Islamabad POST a leading and credible newspaper of Pakistan, Telemedicine service of Sehat Kahani now available on My Telenor App, Monal Group installs bird nesting and feeding poles in Capital parks, Indonesias Largest Halal Expo 2023 announced. Hes best known for being the first person to discover how the solar eclipse occurs. Al-Hasan Ibn Al-Haytham (354 AH-430 AH): Father of Modern Optics, #15. Sexual intercourse is an important part of marriage in the Muslim faith, and medical works on the subject reflect that belief. He is noted for his work in many fields of science, including robotics and mechanical engineering. 14th CenturyOttoman Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu is born. Dr Hayat Al Sindi is a Saudi Biotechnologist from Makkah. Ali ibn Isa al-Kahhal was an ophthalmologist who made his mark in medieval science. A surgeon, he creates illustrated works showing the advanced procedures of Muslim medicine. Thabit ibn Qurra discovered that a sidereal year has 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, and 12 seconds. This work set the stage for the first robot. List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars. The citys scholars translate many ancient manuscripts and medical texts. Over 35 years ago, Syerrir Agnarsson Ibrahim converted to Islam. Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi was a Muslim scientist best known for coming up with the completing square method of solving quadratic equations. Arab physician and surgeon, known for his influential book Al-Taisir Fil-Mudawat Wal-Tadbeer (Book of Simplification Concerning Therapeutics and Diet). Some of these recent success stories are our todays topic. Being named as one of the eight most impressive women working in technology throughout the world during the 2000s by Mashable. For other scholars of Islam, see, Sayyid Abdurahman Imbichikoya Thangal Al-Aydarusi Al-Azhari, Islamic studies by author (non-Muslim or academic), "About Dr. Ingrid Mattson | Ingrid Mattson", "Scholar spotlight: Ingrid Mattson, paving the way for women scholars", "Drumwright Family Lecture Series Will Host Distinguished Scholars", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_contemporary_Islamic_scholars&oldid=1162616211, This page was last edited on 30 June 2023, at 06:13. Ahmad Afandi Abdulaev. 03/11/06 Muslim science must join the 21st century A female laboratory technician in Sudan. #16. We do NOT accept any manuscript. He devoted his career to the development of ultrafast lasers and electrons for studies of dynamics in chemistry and biology. His plant book was one of the most important works on botany in the medieval Islamic world. Abu Nasr Al-Farabi (872-951): One of The Greatest Ancient Islamic Philosophers, #5. This article is an incomplete list of noted modern-era (20th to 21st century) Islamic scholars. Also known as Geber. Seeking knowledge is a mandate for every Muslim (male and female).. Perhaps the best known hospital of the Islamic world, Al-Mansuri Hospital, was also built in Cairo, by the sultan Qalawun in 1285. List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars. Her work has created a path for aspiring Muslim women across the Arab and Muslim world. The teachings at these universities provided the foundation for the great medical advances to come, which all stand on the shoulders of the extraordinary discoveries and practices from Islams golden age. The early theoretical basis of Islamic medicine drew on the Greek and Roman theory of humors, attributed to Hippocrates, writing in the fourth century B.C. SIUTs website suggests, The exact figure for Pakistan is not available but according to a conservative estimate more than 50,000 people die each year due to end stage organ failure. If its ashes are mixed with vinegar and smeared on erysipelas [a skin infection] they cure it, and hemorrhoids too.

What makes Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi famous? Ancient bone may be earliest evidence of hominin cannibalism. Al-Battani (858-929): Ptolemy of the Arab World, #4. Muslim scientists and inventors, including Arabs, Persians and Turks, were probably hundreds of years ahead of their counterparts in the European Middle Ages. Ali ibn Isa al-Kahhal was an ophthalmologist who made his mark in medieval science. Dr Rajani is one of the most powerful and influential female scholars of her time, ranking number 13 in The Worlds 100 Most Powerful Arab Women list. This post may contain affiliate links that allow us to earn a commission at no expense to you. Deputy Editor of The Muslim Vibe. Christians, Jews, Hindus, and scholars from many other traditions, looked to Arabic as a language of science. Even though he achieved this feat, Al-Razi didnt have much luck convincing anyone that he was right about itpeople just thought he had gone crazy. A basic part of theoretical training was learning summaries in verse form, such as Avicennas Poem of Medicine.

Snake miniature, 14th century edition, from Marvels of Creation, by al-Qazwini

Ibn Zuhr (12th century) wrote a treatise on skin care that included recipes for ointments and salves for skin complaints, dental powders, eyedrops, and products to strengthen hair and nails.

Since the 21st century began, war has never cost humanity so much. Ibn al-Baytar (1197-1248 AD): The Man Who Recorded Medieval Medicine, #8. I love research in Computer Science because it satiates my inherent desire to understand the logic behind things. It proposed geocentrism to explain the motion of celestial bodies around Earth using mathematical models. He was a Research Associate at Yale, Harvard and the California Institute of Technology. Besides these significant contributions to engineering, Al-Jazari developed several other types of innovative devices. An 18th-century copper still from Morocco, essential equipment in a Muslim physicians medical kit. It pains me to say it, but I have reached where I am today not because Im a woman but in spite of being a woman.. Not only was he an expert in Arabic medicine, but he also had a great knowledge of plants and their medicinal properties. Celestial globes, astrolabes, quadrants, andsundials all evolved in observatories established by Muslim scientists in Maragah, Samarkand, the Indo-Pak Subcontinent and the Turkey, thus, initial development in the modern science occurred in the Islamic world centuries ago, not in Italy. His book titled Introduction provided valuable information on how to study history and how it is related to other disciplines such as sociology and economics. It seems nostalgic when there is discussion about the contributions of Muslim scientists to the development of science and expansion of. Interestingly the first auction which eBay facilitated was a sale of a broken laser pointer while currently there are 183million buyers at eBay and PervizMoradOmidyar is ranked as the 24thrichest individual in the US. Norways announcement to become worlds first country to end sale of fossil fuel powered cars by 2025, followed by Britains green revolution announcement to ban the sale of new petrol and diesel vehicles from 2030 created strong vibes around the world towards race to zero initiative by the United Nation; which suggests race to zero is a global campaign to rally leadership and support from businesses, cities, regions, investors for a healthy, resilient, zero carbon recovery that prevents future threats, creates decent jobs, unlocks inclusive, sustainable growth committed to achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2050 at the latest. On the other hand these changes posed a real challenge for relevant stakeholders to develop reliable batteries to travel long distances without the hassle of frequent breaks during the journey for recharging batteries. Hospitals featured large lecture halls where talks and readings of classic manuscripts would be held. I adore and respect whatever encourages me to think, and I definitely found that element in the Quran. Muslim doctors were also pharmacists who produced their own medicines. Wildfire smoke affects birds too. Ansari immigrated to the US as a teenager; she immersed herself in education, earning a BSc in Electronics and Computer Engineering fromGeorge Mason University, followed by a Masters degree in Electrical Engineering from George Washington University. 18th February 2022 Advertise on TMV Recently the world marked International Day for Women in Science, making it a great opportunity to celebrate the contributions of female Muslim scientists. Zewail received his doctoral . Until recently masses in Pakistan were not aware of the convenience of shopping online except a small percentage. Al-Sayed received the 2007 USA National Medal of Sciences from the President of the USA and the 2009 Medal of the Egyptian Republic of the First Class from the President of Egypt. WORLD NEWS MUSLIMS AND SCIENCE IN 21ST CENTURY By admin - February 28, 2022 0 155 Dr. Abdus Sattar Abbasi It seems nostalgic when there is discussion about the contributions of Muslim scientists to the development of science and expansion of knowledge. Wildfire season is getting longer. His work on this subject predates that of many European scientists by hundreds of years. Another Egyptian, this time a geologist and remote sensing professor from the University of Missouri-Rolla. When I came to Cambridge I was told by a famous scientist that I would fail because I am female and religion doesnt go with science. She raised money for the project by winning the prestigious Harvard Enterprise Competition and the $100,000 MIT award, attracting a further $10m from Bill Gates. Also known as Alkindus. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"MlCaYZ1lPC7dhHFKkOJVfcqj_6aTyQhnCTPMoWp2fxk-259200-0"}; Multidecadal dynamics project slow 21st-century economic growth and income convergence. She was earlier honoured by the Houghton Trust to deliver the 3rd Houghton Lecture at the XIIth World Veterinary Poultry Association (WVPA) Congress in 2002 for her contributions to the poultry industry, the first Asian scientist to be bestowed such an honour. Notable hospitals were in Cairo, Harran (in modern-day Turkey), and Baghdad, where students would often visit patients to observe their treatment at the hands of qualified doctors, in much the same way as medical interns and residents do today. The early theoretical basis of Islamic medicine drew on the Greek and Roman theory of humors, attributed to Hippocrates, writing in the fourth century B.C. Al-Jazaris work in engineering began with a handbook for building devices. He and his group conducted research in many areas of chemical, biophysical, nano-science and nanotechnology. He was a physician and philosopher who wrote on several topics, from alchemy to medicine. Ibn al-Nafis was an Arab polymath and physician who lived in the 13th century. Geographical categories have been created based on commonalities in culture and across the Islamic World. In the world of science, many great names come to mind: Galileo, Newton, Einsteinbut none may match Al-Hasan ibn Al-Haytham. The number of conflict deaths almost doubled in 2022 compared to the previous year. Nations Religion Transportation Ships Religion, Technology and Science in the 21st Century - Part 3: How Islam Deals with Science and Technology By lenrosen4 - August 8, 2013 0 The scientific and technological revolution in the Western Christian World bypassed Islam in the 18th and 19th centuries. I no longer have doubts regarding my scientific career as the Almighty, Allah (swt) has said in His Holy Book that the works of the righteous people will never go to waste. Islam did not reject these practices outright and benign magic was lawful, provided certain rules were followed. He used this hollow needle to remove cataracts from patients eyes. Abu Nasr Al-Farabi was a Muslim philosopher, mathematician, and cosmologist. Before that, people had to use a large needle to inject medicines into their eyes. Ismail al-Jazari (1136-1206): Father of Robotics & Inventor, #12. Muhammad Abdel-Haleem. In addition to this early form of psychological therapy, rituals and talismans appeared in medical treatises. Her other achievements include being the first Qatari woman to be appointed to the supervisory board of an international company (Volkswagon). Al-Battani was a mathematician and astronomer born in modern-day Turkey. Arab historiographer and historian who developed one of the earliest nonreligious philosophies of history.

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