what are 5 types of agricultural land use?

The key role of forests in meeting climate targets requires science for credible mitigation. & Sulla-Menashe, D. MCD12Q1 MODIS/Terra+Aqua Land Cover Type Yearly L3 Global 500m SIN Grid V006. What is Commercial Land Use? 1 (IPCC, 2019). Dataset agreement differs per LUC category. Prestele, R. et al. ), agricultural land: 3.9% (2018 est. )forest: 11.5% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est. )other: 23.8% (2018 est. )forest: 63.1% (2018 est. This study shows the benefit of using multiple, data-driven resources, which is needed for comprehensive land change assessment at a global scale. Here we analyse the dynamics of global land use change at an unprecedented spatial resolution by combining multiple open data streams (remote sensing, reconstructions and statistics) to create the HIstoric Land Dynamics Assessment+(HILDA+). Biofuel policies, climatic extremes and export bans led to global food price spikes in 2007200852 and in 201053,54, which raised concerns about food security in many import-dependent countries and rapidly growing economies (e.g. )permanent pasture: 14.6% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est. )arable land: 0.6% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 2% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 5.7% (2018 est. )other: 32.6% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 52.7% (2018 est. )other: 19% (2018 est. Land Use Policy 30, 873884 (2013). )forest: 31.1% (2018 est. Biazin, B. PubMed Central )other: 48.6% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 23.5% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est. Moreover, the number of modules was the highest in the . )arable land: 18.8% (2018 est. PNAS 109, 13411346 (2012). )forest: 6.8% (2018 est. Article )other: 91.1% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 30.5% (2018 est. This gives more detailed insights into both the spatial patterns and the temporal dynamics of land use change across the Earth. )permanent crops: 12.1% (2018 est. We identify diverging processes of deforestation and agricultural expansion and demonstrate that the rate and extent of global land use change is responsive to socio-economic developments and disruptions such as the global economic crisis 20072009. )permanent pasture: 28.4% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est. )forest: 12.9% (2018 est. Liu, H. et al. )arable land: 14.2% (2018 est. )other: 32.5% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 32.1% (2018 est. For each country, a mean transition matrix was calculated across all available time steps in the original spatial resolution of the datasets. )permanent pasture: 39.6% (2018 est. Wicke, B., Sikkema, R., Dornburg, V. & Faaij, A. ), agricultural land: 0% (2018 est. Hansen, M. C. et al. 2). ), agricultural land: 10% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 22% (2018 est. Environ. )forest: 11.1% (2018 est. It's what it sounds likehow a piece of land is being used. )arable land: 2.2% (2018 est. Tchebakova, N. M., Parfenova, E. & Soja, A. J. Barona, E., Ramankutty, N., Hyman, G. & Coomes, O. T. The role of pasture and soybean in deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon. Land management and land-cover change have impacts of similar magnitude on surface temperature. )forest: 14.9% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 16.7% (2018 est. )forest: 3.6% (2018 est. (20192020). Of all multiple change events, 86% are agricultural land use changes (land transitions related to cropland or pasture/rangeland). )other: 4.9% (2018 est. 4b, c). )forest: 33.6% (2018 est. Agricultural land use Definition | Law Insider )permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est. Environ. ), agricultural land: 77.4% (2018 est. The LULC changes can modify the surface energy balance and alter the radiation budget, leading to changes in LST. ), agricultural land: 34.3% (2018 est. Nat. )permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 1% (2018 est. )arable land: 25.1% (2018 est. Cite this article. )forest: 29.2% (2018 est. The LST is an important parameter in various environmental and climatological studies, as it plays a crucial role in understanding the Earth's surface-atmosphere interactions. Environ. )forest: 43.1% (2018 est. )other: 99% (2018 est. )other: 2.6% (2018 est. It represents the economic and cultural activities (e.g., agricultural, residential, industrial, mining, and recreational uses) that are practiced at a given place. Von thunen's model of agricultural land use. ), agricultural land: 17.4% (2018 est. )other: 14.8% (2018 est. )other: 100% (2018 est. )forest: 45.3% (2018 est. 33, 119142 (2012). Data 12, 12171243 (2020). )permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est. There are two processes in shifting cultivation: 1) farmers must remove and burn the earth in a manner called slash-and-burn agriculture where slashing the land clears space, while burning the natural vegetation fertilizes the soil, and 2) farmers can only grow their crops on the cleared land for 2-3 years until the soil is depleted of its nutri. )forest: 34% (2018 est. Understanding Agriculture and Land Use. )permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 0% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 2.7% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 27.7% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 6.5% (2018 est. Macedo, M. N. et al. )forest: 0.2% (2018 est. Nat Commun 12, 2501 (2021). )forest: 61.1% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 38.7% (2018 est. 4 - 5.5 C. 6 - 7.5 D. 8 - 9.5 E. 10 - 11.5 F. 12 - 13.5 A. Pastoralism B. Pasturalism C. Herding D. Herdsmen E. Animalism F. Anime Farming A. Calving B. Piggery C. Kidding D. Farrowing E. Calfing F. Pigging A. Cashew B. Cocumber C. Tomatoes D. Carrot E. Squash F. Eggplant A. Zinc B. Sulphur C. Calcium )permanent crops: 0% (2018 est. )forest: 26.5% (2018 est. )arable land: 38.4% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est. )other: 17.1% (2018 est. The Major Land Uses (MLU) series is the longest running, most comprehensive accounting of all major uses of public and private land in the United States. ), agricultural land: 64.8% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 44.8% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 30% (2018 est. Lambin, E. F. & Meyfroidt, P. Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity. Article )arable land: 45.2% (2018 est. This was carried out in three consecutive steps: First (round 1), change was assigned if the respective LUC categories held the highest area fraction and were greater than 0.1. ), agricultural land: 63.3% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 12.3% (2018 est. )other: 23.4% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 28.8% (2018 est. )forest: 45% (2018 est. A lock ( Global models of human decision-making for land-based mitigation and adaptation assessment. Furthermore, land degradation, caused by both climatic variability and human activities, has often been associated with cropland abandonment, subsequent expansion of agricultural land and deforestation elsewhere, as widely observed in tropical regions60. )forest: 52.1% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 7.2% (2018 est. Moreover, the number of modules was the highest in the . )permanent pasture: 72.6% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 42.58% (2018 est. Fuchs, R., Herold, M. & Verburg, P. H. A high-resolution and harmonized model approach for reconstructing and analysing historic land changes in Europe. ), agricultural land: 47.2% (2018 est. )forest: 31.4% (2018 est. Bryan, B. )permanent pasture: 18.1% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 4.7% (2018 est. )other: 1.6% (2018 est. FAOSTAT land use [Dataset]. )arable land: 10.8% (2018 est. )forest: 2.9% (2018 est. April 2, 2019 Economics; . ), agricultural land: 1% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 5.8% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 27.9% (2018 est. This matches the period when major geopolitical shifts (particularly the collapse of the USSR) took place and market-driven food production gained in importance. )permanent crops: 2.9% (2018 est. )forest: 17.42% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est. & Kasibhatla, P. S. What causes deforestation in Indonesia? ), agricultural land: 49.7% (2018 est. )arable land: 5.8% (2018 est. )forest: 61.9% (2018 est. )other: 17.1% (2018 est. Assoc. Due to its consistent and data-driven change allocation, HILDA+is suited to global time series analysis. )permanent crops: 1% (2018 est. The box plots show the median of the 10 landscapes and within the box 50% of the values. ), agricultural land: 21.8% (2018 est. In the agricultural census, the area of the holding is classified according to its main land use. ), agricultural land: 41.4% (2018 est. volume12, Articlenumber:2501 (2021) )permanent pasture: 44.6% (2018 est. )forest: 0.5% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 4.3% (2018 est. Earth Syst. Beesley, D. Ramsey, in International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 2009 Agricultural land preservation refers to a variety of strategies used to preserve or protect higher-quality agricultural land for present and future agricultural use. )arable land: 2.2% (2018 est. Lett. )permanent crops: 1% (2018 est. Total forest-use land, 1945-2012, by State: Forest-use land grazed and forest-use land not grazed. Appl. ), agricultural land: 18.6% (2018 est. )forest: 42.3% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 87.2% (2018 est. )forest: 38.9% (2018 est. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. )permanent crops: 0.3% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 10.5% (2018 est. guided the progress of the study and made linguistic edits. The output of each change allocation step of the annual loop was a new global map of LUC, which served as the base map for the next processing step. )permanent pasture: 3.4% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 46.65% (2018 est. Thus, HILDA+can be seen as a synthesis product of quality-tested, recognised LUC datasets. )arable land: 11.9% (2018 est. )forest: 71.8% (2018 est. the US embargo on soybeans against Russia in 1980)62,63, nature conservation incentives (e.g. )other: 27.2% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 10.7% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 9.8% (2018 est. Powers, R. P. & Jetz, W. Global habitat loss and extinction risk of terrestrial vertebrates under future land-use-change scenarios. )arable land: 15.3% (2018 est. )other: 18.8% (2018 est. 3). Res. Land use - The World Factbook )arable land: 19.7% (2018 est. )other: 2.5% (2018 est. )forest: 3.3% (2018 est. Global land use changes are four times greater than previously estimated, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22702-2. After reclassifying the map into the generalised land cover categories (see Supplementary Table3), we reprojected and resampled it into the targeted projection (Eckert IV), spatial extent and grid resolution (11km) using majority cell values (mode), resulting in a preliminary land cover map. Returning forests analyzed with the forest identity. )permanent pasture: 10.7% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 25% (2018 est. Vegetation structure in different land use types across all landscapes. )other: 21.4% (2018 est. Thank you for visiting nature.com. )permanent crops: 2.9% (2018 est. )other: 35.4% (2018 est. Nat. )arable land: 30.8% (2018 est. Conversely, tropical deforestation has occurred for the production of beef, sugar cane and soybean in the Brazilian Amazon31,32, oil palm in Southeast Asia33,34,35,36 and cocoa in Nigeria and Cameroon37,38,39. ), agricultural land: 35.2% (2018 est. Based on the resulting frequencies, we assigned LUC category-specific change on the global grid: gain (single change event), loss (single change event), both gain and loss (multiple change events). )arable land: 16.9% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 3.6% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est. )arable land: 17.4% (2018 est. )arable land: 8.9% (2018 est. Land Use Policy 43, 129137 (2015). We defined a common generalised classification scheme for harmonising the remote sensing-based LUC products. ), agricultural land: 6.6% (2018 est. )arable land: 38.2% (2018 est. )arable land: 0.4% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 24.8% (2018 est. Earth Syst. ), agricultural land: 73.4% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 23.7% (2018 est. Quantifying the dynamics of land use change is critical in tackling global societal challenges such as food security, climate change, and biodiversity loss. Syst. In particular, the mitigation potential of land use activities, including those related to forests and agriculture, has been recognised as essential in meeting climate targets under the Paris Agreement, making land use a central component of many international policy debates2,8. ), agricultural land: 39.7% (2018 est. Res. )arable land: 17.5% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 59.2% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 7.4% (2018 est. Pongratz, J. et al. Unit 5 FRQs Flashcards | Quizlet - Learning tools, flashcards, and In analysing the temporal dynamics, we identify two different phases: (1) an acceleration phase with an increasing rate of change from 1960 to 2004; and (2) a decreasing rate of change from 2005 to 2019 (see Fig. )permanent pasture: 14.6% (2018 est. Miscellaneous farmland, 1945-2012, by State: Farmsteads, farm roads, and lanes plus other miscellaneous farmland. See the glossary for detailed definitions of major land uses and terms. )forest: 13.6% (2018 est. We identify a global net loss of forest area of 0.8 million km, but an expansion in global agriculture (i.e. ), agricultural land: 32.3% (2018 est. )arable land: 66% (2018 est. )other: 20% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 4.3% (2018 est. Aust. )other: 45.8% (2018 est. Land | Free Full-Text | Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Land Use/Cover )arable land: 10.8% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 2.2% (2018 est. Therefore, quantifying and understanding global land use change and its spatiotemporal dynamics is critical in supporting these debates. )permanent crops: 0.04% (2018 est. )forest: 43.8% (2018 est. )other: 91.1% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 8.4% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 30.1% (2018 est. )forest: 1.1% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 13.1% (2018 est. Forest-use not grazed, 1945-2012, by State: Total forest-use land minus forest-use land grazed. )arable land: 19.5% (2018 est. )arable land: 0.5% (2018 est. )other: 3.3% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 64.1% (2018 est. )forest: 34.6% (2018 est. Based on the recalculated country- and year-specific transition matrices, the magnitude of LUC change was distributed over the grid by means of corresponding probability maps for each LUC category. This development is reflected in the sudden increase in the rate of land use change (during 20002005), ensuing fluctuations (during 20062010) and sharp decrease (after 2010) in countries of the Global South, e.g. )forest: 28.8% (2018 est. )forest: 43.7% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 84.4% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 41.7% (2018 est. )forest: 0.3% (2018 est. Agricultural Land Preservation K.B. ), agricultural land: 22.7% (2018 est. )note: includes Gaza Strip, agricultural land: 44.5% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 4.2% (2018 est. Land use in agriculture by the numbers | Sustainable Food and Arneth, A., Brown, C. & Rounsevell, M. D. A. Article 3), regions of the Subtropics and Tropics (see Supplementary Fig. Article )forest: 0% (2018 est. )forest: 36.8% (2018 est. Since HILDA+is built on multiple heterogeneous datasets, errors inherent in single datasets are attenuated during the change allocation procedure. )permanent pasture: 9% (2018 est. Land Cover CCI Product User Guide V. 2. maps.elie.ucl.ac.be/CCI/viewer/download/ESACCI-LC-Ph2-PUGv2_2.0.pdf (2017). )other: 67.8% (2018 est. Yet, in spite of its societal relevance, understanding how global land use/cover (LUC) has changed across space and through time is limited by a lack of comprehensive data and the large uncertainties within existing LUC reconstructions9,10. )permanent pasture: 5% (2018 est. )forest: 0% (2018 est. )arable land: 13.9% (2018 est. )other: 17.7% (2018 est. )other: 45.8% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 31.2% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 1.4% (2018 est. The members associated with the network and its topologies clearly varied with the types of agricultural land use (Fig. Some popular crops to produce are wheat, corn, vegetables, hay, cotton, and more! )arable land: 6.8% (2018 est. & Seaquist, J. W. Transnational land acquisitions beyond the food and financial crises. In this paper, we present the gains and losses in major LUC categories, identify different land use change patterns and compare these across the globe. A) Mean tree density, B) mean size of trees (trees >10 cm DBH), C) Diameter class frequency distribution of trees (proportion of trees >50 cm). grazing, cropping), encompass long time spans, but are bound to administrative units and, thus, lack spatial detail. )forest: 10.6% (2018 est. Again, we summed up the occurrences of the different events iteratively through time. )permanent pasture: 0.6% (2018 est. deforestation) or multiple change events (e.g. 14, 084021 (2019). )permanent pasture: 2.2% (2018 est. )forest: 94.6% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 3.8% (2018 est. Existing global, long-term land use reconstructions often rely on only a few observational data streams and are built on assumptions concerning, for example, the allocation of cropland (HYDE3.213, LUH214) or wood harvests (LUH214). )arable land: 20.7% (2018 est. forest before 1990, agricultural areas before 1961). Land Use Policy 60, 362372 (2017). Land usage definition Land use describes the relationship between people and land. 4). ), agricultural land: 63.4% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 8.3% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 0.8% (2018 est. )arable land: 10.2% (2018 est. & Hochschild, V. Identifying droughts affecting agriculture in Africa based on remote sensing time series between 20002016: rainfall anomalies and vegetation condition in the context of ENSO. )permanent pasture: 6.3% (2018 est. Consistent with higher species richness in paddy soils, a relatively large number of OTUs were associated with the network of paddy soils. Rep. 6, 113 (2016). )other: 27.1% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 45% (2018)arable land: 4.4% (2018)permanent pasture: 40.7% (2018)forest: 11.3% (2018)other: 43.5% (2018), agricultural land: 54.1% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 66.4% (2018 est. Nat. )arable land: 58.9% (2018 est. Land Use Definitions and Land Types - LandSearch )forest: 54.1% (2018 est. )other: 22.4% (2018 est. Prevailing myths about agricultural abandonment and forest regrowth in the United States. Here, we show that observed phases of accelerating (~19602005) and decelerating (20062019) land use change can be explained by the effects of global trade on agricultural production. ), agricultural land: 18.7% (2018 est. )forest: 0% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 34.8% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 0% (2018 est. )arable land: 56.1% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 18.8% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 1% (2018 est. )other: 7.5% (2018 est. )arable land: 10.9% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 6.2% (2018 est. For more information, contact: A visualisation of the HILDA+reconstruction framework, which evolved from the approach of the HILDA over Europe11, is given in the Supplementary Fig. )permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 48.1% (2018 est. )forest: 0% (2018 est. )arable land: 8.2% (2018 est. & Sterk, G. Drought vulnerability drives land-use and land cover changes in the Rift Valley dry lands of Ethiopia. )other: 61.3% (2018 est. Thus, land use and population values were completed for countries that have changed in area over the period of 19602015 based on trends in the FAO recorded values for the former country before the respective year of change (see Supplementary Table7). )permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est. The results of the HILDA+land use change reconstruction show how synergistic information from Earth Observation data, reconstructions and national statistical inventories can be used to identify the spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of global land use change at unprecedented levels of detail. Winkler, K., Fuchs, R., Rounsevell, M. et al. Environ. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RL (2020). Trans. To analyse and better understand the spatiotemporal dynamics of global land use change, we combined multiple, high-resolution remote sensing data (see Supplementary Table1) with long-term statistical data streams (FAO land use17 and population18) to assess annual changes in LUC from 1960 to 2019 at a spatial resolution of 1km. )permanent crops: 0.7% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 10.9% (2018 est. Visualisation of the HILDA+Global Land Use Change data is provided in form of an interactive map viewer (https://landchangestories.org/hildaplus-mapviewer/). Whereas forest areas in the Global North (including China) have increased, forest areas in developing countries of the Global South have strongly decreased. )other: 43.8% (2018 est. )forest: 7% (2018 est. )other: 21.5% (2018 est. )arable land: 15% (2018 est. Dyn. )forest: 0.1% (2018 est. Sci. )arable land: 2.1% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est. )arable land: 22.7% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 9.8% (2018 est. High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. ), agricultural land: 43.3% (2018 est. )arable land: 15.1% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 0.4% (2018 est. 12, 3869 (2020). )arable land: 18.3% (2018 est. )arable land: 9.1% (2018 est. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. With the economic boom coming to an end during the Great Recession, the global demand for commodities dropped. )permanent pasture: 41.7% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 4.7% (2018 est. )other: 29.8% (2018 est. )other: 95% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 13.4% (2018 est. The rules for assembling these class probability maps and, on this, converting the generalised land cover maps (see Supplementary Table3) to our target LUC categories (see Supplementary Table2) are displayed in Supplementary Table5. )arable land: 12.3% (2018 est. )other: 31.4% (2018 est. On the other hand, dataset deviation is larger in agricultural LUC categories cropland and pasture/rangeland. PubMed Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. ), agricultural land: 11.5% (2018 est. )other: 65.2% (2018 est. )other: 19.7% (2018 est. 97, 121 (2015). )forest: 57.4% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 1.5% (2018 est. )other: 64.1% (2018 est. )arable land: 2.2% (2018 est. ), agricultural land: 8.1% (2018 est. )forest: 51.5% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 1.3% (2018 est. )permanent pasture: 20.7% (2018 est. & De Kirby, K. Achieving Peak Pasture: shrinking Pastures footprint by spreading the livestock revolution. )permanent crops: 3.2% (2018 est. )permanent crops: 0.2% (2018 est. Chatham House. )arable land: 0.7% (2018 est. Peer review information Nature Communications thanks Gerald Forkuor and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. ), agricultural land: 67.5% (2018 est.

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